Delhi and Singapore

A Comparative Study
 Physical Infrastructure
Physical infrastructure refers to the basic physical structures required for an
economy to function and survive, such as water supply networks, drainage
network, solid waste management, a power grid and sewerage and waste
disposal systems. Viewed by some developmental economists as part of a
three-pillar system, along with human capital and good governance, physical
infrastructure is a prerequisite for trade and other productive activities. In a
functional sense, a society's physical infrastructure facilitates the production
Anthropological research has demonstrated the importance of infrastructure
of goods and services.
to social development. Infrastructure shapes human society and, in turn,
society shapes the infrastructure in ways that will enable its growth.
POWER:
Delhi has a power generation capacity of 2543 mw. Discoms have estimated this year's peak power demand
to cross 6,500-6,600MW. But Delhi meets its power demand by purchasing power from other states.
States which supply electricity to Delhi are Uttarakhand , West Bengal, Haryana, Punjab , Rajasthan and UP.

There is 1500 MW Coal Based Indira

Gandhi Super
Thermal Power Plant set-up in Jhajjar,
Haryana by Aravali Power Company
Private Limited, a joint Venture of IPGCL,
HPGCL and NTPC Limited. The power Installed Capacity(MW)
generated is (including allocated shares in joint and central sector
Power distributor of electricity in Delhi: utilities)
being shared equally by Delhi and
Haryana. Coal (5001.87)
Private : 2%
9%1%
1. BRPL ( BSES Rajdhani Power Limited Gas (2116.01)

) 26% Diesel (0)

2. TPDL ( Tata Power Delhi Distribution 62%
Limited ) Nuclear (122.08)
Govt :
Hydro (762.64)
1. MES( Military Engineering Services )
2. NDMC ( New Delhi Municipal
Corporation )
The present total availability of power is 2543 MW.
The existing power generation stations within Delhi and their capacity are below.

EXISTING POWER GENERATION EXISTING POWER GENERATIONS STATIONS

STATIONS IN DELHI OUTSIDE NCTD
705
630 For Delhi ( in MW) Generation ( in MW)

600
330330 THDC, Uttrakhand (2010)
282
247.5 1000
210
135105 160
108 16

Timarpur okhla waste management plant

Pragati Power Station
Rajghat Power Station

Badarpur Thermal Power Station

Ip Power Station

Gas turbine Power Station

NDPL rithala power plant

2600
DVC, West Bengal (2007-11)
2600

750
Jhajjar, Haryana (2010)
1500

Installed Capacity (MW) (Total- 1699.5)

Present Generation(max) (MW) ( Total- 1435)
 PEAK DEMAND AND PEAK MET IN MW

April 2016 to January 2017

Jan-17

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Peak met Peak Demand
 POWER MAP OF DELHI

TOTAL NO OF SUBSTATIONS:
1. 66 kV Transmission Substation
: 16
2. 66 kV Underground Transmission
Substation : 1
3. 230 kV Transmission Substation
:3
4. 132 kV Transmission Substation
:1
5. 220 kV Transmission Substation
: 18
6. 400 kV Transmission Substation
:3
ELECTRICITY POWER GENERATION IN SINGAPORE
The total licensed generation capacity in Singapore
climbed to 13,405 MW as of end March 2016.This was a
3.0% increase from 13,009 MW in 2015
 Projected Composition of Total Quantum of Municipal Solid Waste (Tons /
Municipal Solid Waste for 2021 Day)

15100
6000 6000

3750
5250

38 38 24 245 550 48 100

BIO- DEGRADABLE NON BIO-DEGRADABLE RECYCLABLE MCD NDMC CANTONMENT

Quantum(in tones) ( Total- 15750) Existing Capacity(2001) (Total - 5543)

Percentage to total waste ( Total -100) Projected generation for 2021 (Total- 15750)

Solid Waste
The problem of solid waste management in Delhi is assuming serious proportions due to increasing population, urbanisation, changing lifestyles and
consumption patterns.
The projected average garbage generation up to the year 2021 is at 0.68 kg per capita per day and total quantum of solid waste is 15750 tons/day.
EXISTING LANDFILL SITES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT EXISTING LANDFILL SITES FOR WASTE
MANAGEMENT
60
Filled Up In Operation
1. Kailash Nagar, 1. Site near Ghazipur 50
East Delhi Dairy Farm
40
2. Tilak Nagar, West 2. Site near Jhangipur /
Delh Bhalswa 30
3. Subroto Park 3. Okhla Phase 1
4. Purana Qila / New
4. Crossing n G.T. Karnal
20

Bhairon Road 1. Road

Jaitpur / Tajpur
10
5. Timarpur 2. Near Puthkhurd
6. Sarai Kale Khan 3. Bawana to Narela 0
Road

Purana Qila (2.7)

Sunder Nagar (2.8)

Rohini Phase 3 (4.8)

Timarpur (16)

S.G.T Nagar (14.4)

I.P Depot (1.8)

Tuglakabad Extension (2.4)

Jaitpur / Tajpur (9.84)

Bawana to Narela Road (28)

Kailash Nagar,East Delhi (1.8)
Tilak Nagar, West Delhi (16)

Okhla Phase 1 (12.8)

Near Puthkhurd (55)

Haider Pur (1.6)
Mandawali Fazilpur (2.8)
Subroto Park (0)

Gopal pur (16)

Crossing on G.T Karnal Road (3.2)

Site near Jhangipur / Bhalswa (16)
Chhaterpur (1.7)
Sarai Kale Khan (24)

Near Hastal Village in West Delhi (9.6)

Sultanpur Dabas (Bawana) (16)

Site near Ghazipur Dairy Farm (28)
7. Gopal pur
8. Chhaterpur 4. Sultanpur Dabas
9. S.G.T. Nagar (Bawana)
10. I.P. Depot
11. Sunder Nagar
12. Tuglakabad
Extension
13. Haider Pur
14. Mandawal
Fazilpur Area (in ha.)
 WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS
CAPACITY 250 CAPACITY 2001 (MGD)
200

150
146.5
150
100 200
100 70.3
120
43.3 50 90 100 100
50 25
11.4 40
Capacity 0 0 0 0 0
0
Changi Bedok Jurong Kim Other
water water water chuan
treatment treatment treatment 70.3 MGD
plant plant 11.4 plant 43.3
146.5 MGD MGD
MGD

WATER TREATMENT PLANTS CAPACITY 2001 (MGD)

 DETAILS OF WATER REQUIREMENT NORMS - DJB

SERIAL DETAILS REQUIREMENT OF

NO. WATER(LPCD)
1 DOMESTIC 172
2 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND COMMUNITY 47
REQUIREMENT BASED ON 45000 LITRES PER
HECTARE PER DAY
3 FIRE PROTECTION BASED ON 1% OF THE 3
TOTAL DEMAND
4 FLOATING POPULATION AND SPECIAL USES 52
LIKE HOTELS AND EMBASSIES
TOTAL 274
SERIAL NORMS QUANTUM (GPCD) SOURCES OF NON – POTABLE WATER
NO. POTABLE NON
POTABLE
1 DOMESTIC @ 50 GPCD 30 20 - --
RESIDENTIAL 30 20 RECYCLING AND PERMISSIBLE
GROUND WATER EXTRACTION AT
COMMUNITY LEVEL
2 NON – DOMESTIC @ 30 GPCD 5 25

A. IRRIGATION, HORTICULTURE, - 10 RECYCLING FROM SEWERAGE

RECREATIONAL, TREATMENT PLANTS (STPs) AND
CONSTRUCTION, FIRE PERMISSIBLE GROUND WATER
@6.65LPCD EXTRACTION

B. PUBLIC, SEMI – PUBLIC, 5 15 RECYCLING FROM COMMON

INDUSTRIAL AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS
COMMERCIAL (CETPs)

TOTAL 35 45

WATER REQUIREMENT NORMS – AS PER MPD - 2021

WATER SOURCES
GROUNDOF DELHI JAL BOARD
WATER/ sea water Singapore Rain water
RANNEY desalination harvesting -
WELL/ TUBE - 50 200
reclaimed
WELL, 80 8% 32%
water - 115
19%
YAMUNA
BHAKRA RIVER, 330
STORAGE, 218

GANGA RIVER, imported

207 waterfrom
malaysia -
250
41%

Population of Delhi – 29.197 millions Population of Singapore – 5.607 millions

Avg daily use per capita – 50 gallons Avg daily use per capita – 50 gallons
Required water supply – 1459 MGD Required water supply – 280.350 MGD
Water supplied per day -805 MGD Water supplied per day - 448 MGD
Sewerage
Sewerage (MGD)
Sewerage (MGD)
Delhi - 2001 Delhi - 2021

Okhla-140 Keshav puram-72 Okhla-170 Keshav puram-72 Nilothi - 70

Nilothi - 40 Coronation pillar - 40 Coronation pillar - 50 Rithala - 110 Kondli - 90
Rithala - 80 Kondli - 45 others - 75.2 North Delhi -105 West Delhi - 45
others - 35.4 North Delhi -25 South Delhi - 18
West Delhi - 25 South Delhi - 10

Sewage generated in India – 61754 MLD -16313 MGD

Untreated sewage in India – 38791 MLD – 10247 MGD
Delhi – 7% - 1141 MGD
Delhi proposed sewage treatment capacity In 2021 – 805 MGD
 Delhi - 2001 Delhi - 2021

Others
Others

Sen Nursing Home Nalla STP - 2.2 Delhi Gate Nalla STP - 17
Sen Nursing Home Nalla STP - 2.2 Delhi Gate Nalla STP - 2.2 Yamuna Vihar - 45 Timarpur - 6
Yamuna Vihar - 20 Timarpur - 6 Mehrauli - 5
Mehrauli - 5
 Delhi - 2001
Delhi - 2021
North Delhi
North Delhi

Narela/Alipur - 10 Rohini - 15
Narela/Alip…
 Delhi -2021
Delhi - 2001
West Delhi West Delhi

Dwarka- 20 Najafgarh - 5 Dwarka - 50 Najafgarh - 5

 Delhi - 2001 Delhi - 2021
South Delhi South Delhi

Vasant kunj -5 Ghitorni - 5 badarpur - 0 Vasant kunj -5 Ghitorni - 5 badarpur - 8

goals towards zero waste and zero landfill are now turning the tide on waste.
It has four waste-to-energy refuse incineration plants and an offshore sanitary landfill for the disposal
of non-combustible waste.
if this growth in waste were not curtailed, Singapore would need to build a new 3000-tonne/day
incineration plant every five to seven years and a new 350-hectare landfill every 25 years to cope with
the waste.
The Semakau offshore island landfill receives the non-recyclable, non-combustible parts of Singapore’s
waste and is designed to be in harmony with the surrounding ecosystem
Reusable Bags’
About half the waste disposed of in Singapore comes from the industrial and commercial sectors.
These companies have to pay for the collection and disposal of their waste.
National Environment Agency, has helped to motivate the industrial and commercial sectors to recycle
wastes such as metals, construction and demolition waste, horticultural and wood waste, slag, plastic
and some types of food waste.
Given the land scarcity constraint, it is not surprising that Singapore has adopted waste-to-energy as a
disposal method. Incineration reduces waste volume by 90% and only the ash remaining after
incineration and the non-combustible waste, which constitutes 10% of waste disposed, is sent to
Singapore’s only landfill - Semakau landfill.
The incineration plants are fitted with advanced pollution control equipment comprising electrostatic
precipitators, lime injectors and fabric filters to treat and clean the flue gas from the combustion
process.
The SG$610 million (€305 million) offshore Semakau Landfill extends over an area of 350 hectares
and has a fill capacity of 63 million m3.
The total waste (domestic and non-domestic) disposed of in 2005 was 7000 tonnes per day, an 8%