Mobile Multimedia

and
Multimedia Systems
Perspectives
 Introduction

Wireless is moving into broadband:

- 3G, 4G mobile networks
- WLAN
- DVB-H
- WIMAX
How to make maximum use of
these systems?
 Technology progress

Broadband wireless media technology

is behind the corner:

WLAN ONBOARD 3G ONBOARD 4G ONBOARD

ALL INTEGRATED ONBOARD

COMPLEX MEDIA SYSTEMS BEHIND

WLAN
 Wireless networks

3G-4G WLAN OTHER

Mobile IEEE 802.11a+b+g +n Other

System reqirements

Operator wants efficient resource

management: transmission
coverage and cost
User wants minimized cost of
access and seamless operation
 Seamless challenge

Seamless changeover (handover)

between the systems is technical
challenge
Heterogenous networks may not
be synchronised, even content
stream may not be identical (e.g.
different compression ratios)
 Gateways and managers

The changeover problem can be

solved by embedding gateways on
the network side and/or managers
on the terminal side
Multisystem terminals for
3G+WLAN will have severe
limitations on power consumption
 Handover requirements

Seamless means perfect stream

splicing
This can be done when streams
are aligned in buffers and
synchronized
In general time stamps and bitrates
may not be identical
 Gateways and managers

DVB-H
NETWORK TERMINAL
WLAN MANAGER
GATEWAY
3G

In case of operator controlled networks gateway

ensures synchronization. In heterogenous networks
terminal performs synchronization and handover
 FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM

IS BROADBAND FOR MULTIMEDIA

IT SUPPORTS MULTIPLE NETWORK
TYPES (3G, WLAN, 4G….)
IT SUPPORTS MULTIPLE OPERATION
MODES: UNICAST, MULITCAST,
BROADCAST, MULTISTREAMING
THE SYSTEM IS IP PROTOCOL BASED !
 MOBILE DATA BANDWIDTH

FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM WILL

HAVE DATA BANDWIDTH IN
MEGABITS/SECOND
3G - 1-10 Mb/s
4G - 10-50 Mb/s
WLAN - 1- 100 Mb/s
 THE FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM

THE FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURE IS DEVELOPED
THE STANDARD IS CALLED IMS
(Internet Multimedia Subsystem)
It is developed as an extension of 3G
mobile standard (release 5,6) by 3GPP
(www.3gpp.org) and IETF (www.ietf.org)
THE IMS

The IMS is based on SIP protocol

This allows setup of most complex
multimedia sessions
 The IMS basic idea

The basic idea of IMS is integration of

telephone CS (Circuit Switched) network
and IP network running in wireless systems

3G version
Radio access
In USA
in 3G. 4G
 User capabilities in IMS

The IMS extends widely the capabilities of

current systems as regards the usage
of the system
User may have two types of addresses:
phone and Internet
Users may have multiple identities: work
and private in same equipment
Users may have multiple terminals with
different capabilities
 Mobile IP – Short Overview
Key aspect of wireless networks is mobility.

Mobility is realized in cellular systems based

CS but it can be also realized in IP systems.

Here we provide short overview of IP mobility.

This does not mean it is realized in the IMS.
IMS can use standard mobility realized
in cellular systems.
 Mobile IP Key Principles
The Wireless Internet is an IP-centric
& mobility-enabled network:
•IP addresses are used for all routing within the
core network
•IP protocols and technologies are used in the
control plane
•The network is functionally equivalent to a
traditional cellular network (especially with
respect to mobility and roaming)
 Mobile IP Key Principles

IP Mobility focuses on Layer 3 of the core network:

Mobility functions are independent of the access
technology (2G, 3G, wire line, etc.) and the
underlying network transport technology (ATM,
Ethernet, etc.)

Mobility is based on the user, not the terminal:

•Users will have a single subscription in a home network
•Service Level Agreements (SLA’ s) must exist between
all networks users will roam in
 Mobile IP Components

•Mobile Node (MN): laptop, mobile phone,

communicator,..etc

•Home Agent (HA): router of the home network

•Foreign Agent(FA): router of the foreign network

Mobile IP Components

(MN)

(FA)

(HA)
How Mobile IP works

Agent Discovery

Registration

Routing
 Agent Discovery
1- HA’s and FA’s: periodically advertise their presence
on their subnets by broadcasting agent advertisements

2-MN Listen: Am I on my home sub net or I am

visiting some other subnet?
OR

1- MN sends an agent solicitation

2- Any agent on the subnet is forced to send an
immediate advertisement
 Agent Discovery

•MN determines that it is connected to an (FA)

acquires a care of address

•Care of Address: and IP address given to the MN by the

FA

(exit point of the tunnel from HA to FA)

 Registration
•MN recieved the care of address: register it with the HA

•HA creats a mobility binding table

•HA advertises reachability to the home IP address of MN

•Example: a device connected to the internet called corresponding

node (CN) sends a packet to MN, how it will reach MN?

CN HA FA MN

•power down or go back to home sub net: MN will deregister

•HA reclaims MN through tunnel

 IP Mobility:a lower level look

Visited Network IPSec SA 1 Home Network

FA Mobility Security Security Mobility HA

Manager Gateway Gateway Manager

Router Internet Router

IPSec SA 3
AAA+ AAA+
IPSec SA 2

IPSec SA 4

Correspondent
Node
User

Security Associations
IPSec SA 1 - between security gateways
IPSec SA 2 - between AAA servers
IPSec SA 3 - between user/terminal and mobility manager
IPSec SA 4 - between user/terminal and correspondent node
 IP Mobility Hand Over
Home Network
Router Mobility Security
Manager Gateway
Security Mobility
5 Gateway Manager
Router
2a 10
Router 9
Router 6 7 AAA+

AAA+ DNS
Visited Network

Internet
Router LSF
4 Mobility Security
Manager Gateway
3 11
7a 1 9a
9 Router
8
Router AAA+
Correspondent
Node
Serving Network
 Capabilities Of Mobile IP

User identity and Addressability

Signaling and packet routing
Authentication and Authorisation
Security associations
Mobile client functionality
IP industry compatibility
How Does It Look like?

Haroon@SubNet1 is at home.
Please ensure his data
comes here.
HA
FA

Internet Backbone

At home

Haroon@SubNet1 is in our CDMA network.

Please ensure his data
comes here.
FA
HA

Internet Backbone

On the road
 How Does It Look like?

Haroon@SubNet1 is at work.
Please ensure his data
FA comes here.
HA

Internet Backbone

Why certainly, we have an arrangement

Enterprise LAN
with your Network operator. I can register
you with free run of the house wireless LAN.
At the office

FA

Haroon@SubNet1 is in our hotel. HA

Please ensure his data comes here.

In a hotel
Internet Backbone
 Roaming in IMS

Usser can roam in the CS (circuit switched) and IMS in different

Combinations (being in CS directed to IMS and opposite)
IMS layered architecture
Acronyms in the IMS scheme

CSCF Call Session Control Function

PDF Policy Decision Function
BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Function
MRFC Mutlimedia Resource Function Controller
MRFP Multimedia Resource Function Processor
MGCF Multimedia Gateway Control Function
MGW Multimedia Gateway Function
SGW Signalling Gateway
SEG Security Gateway
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
IMMGW Internet Multimedia Gateway
 HSS – Home Subscriber Server

HSS has functions for CS and PS networks:

Home Location Register HLR with Authentication Center AUC
 Signalling conversion in SGW

Protocols from IMS domain (SIP) have to be converted to the CS domain

 IMS Architecture
RAN – Radio Access Network
SLP – Subscription Locator Function
UE – User Equipment
Some reference points:
Gm – connection of UE to IMS (for SIP)
Mw – connection between CSCF’s
Cx – subscriber and service data
Dx – connection to SLF (Sub. Locator Func.
 Conclusion
IMS is a complicated system satisfying all
possible multimedia requirements

IMS will coexist with CS system

At some point in the future all-IP systems

may by used exclusively
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
PERSPECTIVES

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS INTEGRATE
ALL THE COMPONENTS DESCRIBED
IN THIS COURSE:
- SERVERS
- NETWORKS
- CLIENTS
- SOFTWARE
- CONTENT

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
WHAT WILL BE THE FUTURE IN MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEMS?

WHAT IS HAPENNING RIGHT NOW IS THAT

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEMS ARE COMING ALL THE TIME,
ESPECIALLY IN THE MOBILE AREA
-TERMINALS
-NETWORKS
-SOFTWARE

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 Historical development

• From mobile phone to smartphone

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
MOBILE PHONES EVOLVED INTO MOBILE MEDIA
AND SERVICE DEVICES
THEY CHALLENGE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS,
VIDEO CAMCORDERS, PORTABLE MUSIC
PLAYERS, GAME CONSOLES AND SERVICE ACCESS
DEVICES

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 Heterogenous networking

From GSM radio network via Bluetooth to…

WIRELESS BROADBAND or…
From tens of kilobits to megabits per second

• 3G onboard WLAN onboard 4G onboard

• ALL onboard

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
•SO WE MAY THINK THAT MOST DEVICES
•WILL BE MEDIA DEVICES AND CONNECTED BY
• WIRELESS.

•HOW THIS MAY HAPPEN? IN THE FUTURE

•WE WILL HAVE HUGE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS
•AND SERVICES:

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
WE WILL HAVE VARIETY OF TERMINAL
DEVICES....

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
NETWORKING PLATFORMS WILL BE
INTEGRATING – ONE DEVICE WILL BE
ABLE TO CONNECT TO DIFFERENT NETWORKS

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
HOWEVER, ALL THESE NETWORKS WILL
BE BASED ON THE IP PROTOCOL:

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 •HERE WE MOVE TO IP PROTOCOL

•HERE THE BANDWIDTH GROWS

•HERE ARE DIFFERENT NETWORK TYPES

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 From Telephone to Internet
Telephone network for speech
Internet for data and… everything

•WLAN

IP networking is the future

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 New data transfer ways

From: person-to-person phone call

To: Data center-to-mass public
- TV
- Multicast Internet

• 3G MBMS WLAN IP Multicast

• Multimedia
• Broadcast & Massive distribution of content is
• Multicast possible rather soon

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 What is mobile device?

• camera camcorder TV radio game PDA

• makeup device? Swiss army knife?

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 The Service Case: Mobile IPod

• IPod, Music Web shop

• Portable Mobile Music device
• Music with hard disc
• Player • Mobile device is an IPod, and phone,
• and much more….

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 And the final destination...

• LONG IN THE FUTURE….

• TECHNOLOGY MAY BECOME INVISIBLE

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
 MULTIMEDIA SERVICES
MANY INNOVATIONS ARE POSSIBLE
IN THIS AREA:
- CONTENT, NETWORKING AND USER
NEEDS ARE IMPORTANT
- SERVICE IDEA IS NOT SIMPLE TO
GET
- PRESENT SERVICES: TV, VIDEO,
GAMES – they look traditional in a way
 INNOVATIVE SERVICES
THEY ARE POSSIBLE BUT ONE HAS TO
HAVE INNOVATIVE IDEA.
HOW TO GET AN IDEA??? No rules for
this, one has to think about it
 INNOVATIVE SERVICE
EXAMPLE
NEW SERVICES ARE POSSIBLE BUT
ONE HAS TO HAVE INNOVATIVE IDEA.
HOW TO GET AN IDEA??? No rules for
this, one has to think about it.
Example: service for fitness called iFit,
www.ifit.com
 iFit service example
Service idea:
Many people are concerned with fitness and buy
specialized devices like fitness bikes and treadmills

• Treadmill is a substittute for running when

when it is cold, rainy or unsuitable surrounds

BUT, running on a treadmill is boring without

any new visual stimulation
 SERVICE IDEA

Install display in the treadmill and show

running tracks in it

There will be new visual stimulation

making running less boring
 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA

How to realize this, since users want new

tracks?
Solution: Use Google Streetview and maps
Users can design their own tracks then
BUT, running requires that the track
changes with the progress of running
How to do this?
 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA

Solution: Built network connection into the

fitness device:
Wireless module inserted into device

Now the fitness device may send and

receive control signals about the speed and
Incline. Device operation is synchronized
with the running track
 SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION

This service requires special fitness

devices compatible with wireless
connectivity – user has to buy it
Company charges monthly fee for providing
Web site which displays the track and
provides synchronization and tools.
THIS IS EXAMPLE OF INNOVATIVE
MULTIMEDIA SERVICE
• CONCLUSIONS TO THIS COURSE:

•WE WILL SEE HUGE PROGRESS IN MULTIMEDIA

•SYSTEMS IN THE FUTURE.

•SYSTEMS WILL BECOME MUCH MORE COMPLEX

•NETWORKS WILL BE BROADBAND WIRELESS.

•INFORMATION WILL BE DOWNLOADED ONLY

•BY NETWORKS, PHYSICAL CARRIERS (LIKE E.G.
•CD) WILL BE DISAPPEARING.

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE