Bloom’s Taxonomy—In a

Nutshell
 Bloom’s Taxonomy—Revised
Bloom's Original Anderson's Revised
Taxonomy Taxonomy
Knowledge Remembering
Comprehension Understanding
Application Applying
Analysis Analyzing
Synthesis Evaluating
Evaluation Creating
 Original Terms New Terms

• Evaluation •Creating
• Synthesis •Evaluating
• Analysis •Analyzing
• Application •Applying

• Comprehension •Understanding
• Knowledge •Remembering
(Based on Pohl, 2000, Learning to Think, Thinking to Learn, p. 8)
 Remembering
The learner is able to recall, restate and
remember learned information.
– Recognizing
– Listing
– Describing
– Identifying
– Retrieving
– Naming
– Locating
– Finding
Can you recall information?
 Remembering
cont’ Recall or
• List recognition of
• Memorize • Listen specific
information
• Relate • Group
• Show
• Choose
• Locate
• Distinguish • Recite
• Give example • Review Products include:
• Reproduce • Quote • Quiz Label
• Quote • Record • Definition • List
• Repeat • Match • Workbook
• Fact
• Label
• Recall • Select • Worksheet • Reproduction

• Know • Underline • Test •Vocabulary

• Group • Cite
• Read • Sort
• Write
Classroom Roles for Remembering
Teacher roles in Student roles in
assessing assessments

• Directs • Responds
• Tells • Remembers
• Shows • Recognizes
• Examines • Memorizes
• Questions • Defines
• Evaluates • Describes
• Retells
 Remembering: Potential Activities
and Products
• Make a story map showing the main events of
the story.
• Make a time line of your typical day.
• Make a concept map of the topic.
• Write a list of keywords you know about….
• What characters were in the story?
• Make a chart showing…
• Make an acrostic poem about…
• Recite a poem you have learnt.
 Remember – In a Nutshell
Recognizing Questions Tasks
Locating knowledge in What happened after...? Make a list of the main
memory that is How many...? events of the story.
consistent with What is...? Make a time line of
presented material. Who was it that...? events.
Synonyms: Identifying... Can you name ...? Make a facts chart .
Recalling Find the meaning of… Write a list of any
Retrieving relevant Describe what happened pieces of information
knowledge from after… you can remember.
long-term memory. Who spoke to...? What animals were in
Synonyms : Which is true or false...? the story.
Retrieving…. Identify who…. Make a chart showing…
Naming…... Name all the….. Make an acrostic.
Recite a poem.
 Understanding
The learner grasps the meaning of information by
interpreting and translating what has been
learned.
– Interpreting
– Exemplifying
– Summarizing
– Inferring
– Paraphrasing
– Classifying
– Comparing
– Explaining
 Understanding cont’
Understanding
• Restate of given
• Describe information
• Identify
• Report
• Discuss • Recognize
• Retell • Review
• Observe
• Research Products include:
• Outline
• Annotate • Account for • Recitation • Example

• Translate • Interpret • Summary • Quiz

• Give main idea • Collection • List
• Give examples of
• Estimate • Explanation • Label
• Paraphrase • Define • Show and tell • Outline
• Reorganize
• Associate
 Classroom Roles for
Understanding
Teacher roles in Student roles in
assessing assessments

• Demonstrates • Explains
• Listens • Describes
• Questions • Outlines
• Compares • Restates
• Contrasts • Translates
• Examines • Demonstrates
• Interprets
 Understanding: Potential Activities
•
and
Write in your own words…
Products
• Cut out, or draw pictures to illustrate a particular event in the story.
• Report to the class…
• Illustrate what you think the main idea may have been.
• Make a cartoon strip showing the sequence of events in the story.
• Write and perform a play based on the story.
• Write a brief outline to explain this story to someone else
• Explain why the character solved the problem in this particular way
• Write a summary report of the event.
• Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the sequence of events.
• Make a colouring book.
• Paraphrase this chapter in the book.
• Retell in your own words.
• Outline the main points.
 Understand—In a Nutshell
Interpreting Questions Tasks Cut out, or draw pictures to
Changing from one form of representation to Can you write in your show a
another own words? particular event.
Synonyms: How would you Illustrate what you think the main idea
• Paraphrasing…Translating,...Representing,… explain…? may have been.
Make a cartoon strip showing the
Clarifying... Can you write a brief
sequence
Exemplifying outline...? of events.
• Finding a specific example or illustration of a What do you think Write and perform a play based on the
concept or principle could have story.
Synonyms : Instantiating… Illustrating... happened Retell the story in your own words.
Classifying next...? Write a summary report of the event
• Determining that something belongs to a Who do you think...? Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the
category (e.g., concept or principle). What was the main sequence of events.
Synonyms : Categorizing...Subsuming... idea...? Make a coloring book.
Summarizing Clarify why…. Cut out, or draw pictures to show a
• Drawing a logical conclusion from presented Illustrate the ……… particular event. Illustrate what
information. Does everyone act in you think the main idea was.
Make a cartoon strip showing the
Synonyms : Abstracting… Generalizing... the way that
sequence of events.
Inferring …….. does? Write and perform a play based on the
• Abstracting a general theme or major point Draw a story map. story.
Synonyms : Extrapolating… Interpolating.. Explain why a Retell the story in your own words.
Predicting… Concluding…. character acted Write a summary report of the event
Comparing in the way that Prepare a flow chart to illustrate the
• Detecting correspondences between two ideas, they did. sequence of events.
objects, etc Cut out, or draw pictures to show a
Synonyms : Contrasting… Matching ...Mapping... particular event. Illustrate what
Explaining you think the main idea was.
• Constructing a cause-and-effect model of a Make a cartoon strip showing the
system. sequence of events.
Write and perform a play based on the
Synonyms : Constructing models...
 Applying
The learner makes use of information in a context
different from the one in which it was learned.
– Implementing
– Carrying out
– Using
– Executing
Can you use the information in another
familiar situation?
 Applying cont’Using strategies,
concepts, principles
and theories in new
• Translate situations

• Manipulate • Paint
• Exhibit • Change
• Compute
• Illustrate
• Sequence Products include:
• Calculate • Show
• Photograph • Presentation
• Interpret • Solve
• Collect • Illustration • Interview
• Make • Demonstrate • Simulation • Performance
• Practice • Dramatise • Sculpture • Diary
• Construct
• Apply • Demonstration • Journal
• Use
• Operate • Adapt
• Interview • Draw
 Classroom Roles for Applying
Teacher roles in Student roles in
assessing assessment

• Shows • Solves problems

• Facilitates • Demonstrates use of
• Observes knowledge
• Evaluates • Calculates
• Organizes • Compiles
• Questions • Completes
• Illustrates
• Constructs
 Applying: Potential Activities and
Products
• Construct a model to demonstrate how it looks or
works
• Practice a play and perform it for the class
• Make a diorama to illustrate an event
• Write a diary entry
• Make a scrapbook about the area of study.
• Prepare invitations for a character’s birthday party
• Make a topographic map
• Take and display a collection of photographs on a
particular topic.
• Make up a puzzle or a game about the topic.
• Write an explanation about this topic for others.
• Dress a doll in national costume.
• Make a clay model…
 Apply—In a Nutshell
APPLY Questions
Can you write in your own
Executing
Applying knowledge words?
How would you explain…?
(often procedural) Can you write a brief
to a routine task. outline...?
Synonyms : What do you think could have
Carrying out…. happened next...?
Who do you think...?
Implementing What was the main idea...?
Applying knowledge
Clarify why….
(often procedural) Illustrate the ………
to a non-routine Does everyone act in the way
task. that …….. does?
Draw a story map.
Synonyms : Explain why a character
Using….. acted in the way that they
did.
Tasks
Construct a model to
demonstrate how it
works
Make a diorama to illustrate
an event
Make a scrapbook about the
areas of study.
Make a papier-mâché map /
clay model to include
relevant information
about an event.
Take a collection of
photographs to
demonstrate a particular
point.
Make up a puzzle game.
Write a textbook about this
topic for others.
 Analyzing
The learner breaks learned information into its
parts to best understand that information.
– Comparing
– Organizing
– Deconstructing
– Attributing
– Outlining
– Finding
– Structuring
– Integrating
Can you break information into parts to explore
understandings and relationships?
 Analyzing cont’ Breaking
information down
into its component
• Distinguish • Compare elements
• Question • Contrast
• Appraise • Survey
• Experiment • Detect
• Inspect • Group
• Examine Products include:
• Order
• Probe • Sequence • Graph • Survey
• Separate • Test • Spreadsheet • Database
• Inquire • Debate • Mobile
• Checklist
• Arrange • Analyze
• Chart • Abstract
• Investigate • Diagram
• Sift • Relate • Outline • Report
• Research • Dissect
• Calculate • Categorize
• Criticize • Discriminate
 Classroom Roles for analyzing
Teacher roles in Student roles in
assessing assessments

• Discusses
• Probes • Uncovers
• Guides • Argues
• Observes • Debates
• Evaluates • Thinks deeply
• Acts as a resource • Tests
• Examines
• Questions • Questions
• Organizes • Calculates
• Dissects • Investigates
• Inquires
 Analyzing: Potential
Activities and Products
• Use a Venn Diagram to show how two topics are the same and
different
• Design a questionnaire to gather information.
• Survey classmates to find out what they think about a particular
topic. Analyse the results.
• Make a flow chart to show the critical stages.
• Classify the actions of the characters in the book
• Create a sociogram from the narrative
• Construct a graph to illustrate selected information.
• Make a family tree showing relationships.
• Devise a role-play about the study area.
• Write a biography of a person studied.
• Prepare a report about the area of study.
• Conduct an investigation to produce information to support a
view.
• Review a work of art in terms of form, colour and texture.
• Draw a graph
• Complete a Decision Making Matrix to help you decide which
 Analyze—In a Nutshell
ANALYZE
Differentiating
Distinguishing relevant from
irrelevant parts or important
from unimportant parts of
presented material.
Synonyms : Discriminating,
Selecting, Focusing,
Distinguishing,
Organizing
Determining how elements fit or
function within a structure.
Synonyms : Outlining,
Structuring, Integrating,
Finding coherence
Attributing
Determining the point of view,
bias, values, or intent
underlying presented
material. Synonyms :
Deconstructing
Questions
Which events could not have
happened?
If. ..happened, what might
the ending have been?
How is...similar to...?
What do you see as other
possible outcomes?
Why did...changes occur?
Can you explain what must
have happened when...?
What are some or the
problems of...?
Can you distinguish
between...?
What were some of the
motives behind..?
What was the turning point?
What was the problem
with...?
Tasks
Design a questionnaire to
gather information.
Write a commercial to sell a
new product
Make flow chart to show the
critical stages.
Construct a graph to
illustrate selected
information.
Make a family tree showing
relationships.
Devise a play about the
study area.
Write a biography of a
person studied.
Prepare a report about the
area of study.
 Evaluating
The learner makes decisions based on in-depth
reflection, criticism and assessment.
– Checking
– Hypothesizing
– Critiquing
– Experimenting
– Judging
– Testing
– Detecting
– Monitoring
Can you justify a decision or course of action?
 Evaluating cont’
Judging the value of
ideas, materials and
methods by developing
• Judge • Choose and applying standards
• Rate • Conclude and criteria.
• Validate • Deduce
• Predict • Debate
• Assess • Justify
• Score • Recommend Products include:
• Revise • Discriminate
• Debate • Investigation
• Infer • Appraise
• Value • Panel • Verdict
• Determine
• Prioritise • Probe • Report • Conclusion
• Tell why • Argue • Evaluation •Persuasive
• Compare • Decide speech
• Evaluate • Criticise
• Defend • Rank
• Select • Reject
 Classroom Roles for Evaluating
Teacher roles in assessing Student roles in assessments

• Clarifies • Judges
• Disputes
• Accepts • Compares
• Guides • Critiques
• Questions
• Argues
• Assesses
• Decides
• Selects
• Justifies
 Evaluating: Potential Activities and
Products
• Write a letter to the editor
• Prepare and conduct a debate
• Prepare a list of criteria to judge…
• Write a persuasive speech arguing for/against…
• Make a booklet about five rules you see as important.
Convince others.
• Form a panel to discuss viewpoints on….
• Write a letter to. ..advising on changes needed.
• Write a half-yearly report.
• Prepare a case to present your view about...
• Complete a PMI on…
• Evaluate the character’s actions in the story
 Evaluate—In a Nutshell
Checking Questions Tasks
Detecting inconsistencies or Is there a better solution Conduct a
fallacies within a process to...? debate about an
or product. Judge the value of... What issue of special
Determining whether a do you think about...? interest.
process or product has Can you defend your Make a booklet about
internal consistency. position about...? five rules you see as
Synonyms : Testing, Do you think...is a good or important. Convince
Detecting, Monitoring bad thing? others.
Critiquing How would you have Form a panel to
Detecting the handled...? discuss views.
appropriateness of a What changes to.. would Write a letter to
procedure for a given you recommend? ...advising on
task or problem. Do you believe...? How changes needed.
Synonyms :Judging would you feel if. ..? Write a half-year report.
How effective are. ..? Prepare a case to
present your view
about...
 Creating
The learner creates new ideas and information using
what has been previously learned.
– Designing
– Constructing
– Planning
– Producing
– Inventing
– Devising
– Making
Can you generate new products, ideas, or ways of viewing
things?
 Creating cont’
Putting together ideas
or elements to develop
• Compose a original idea or
engage in creative
• Assemble thinking.
• Organise • Formulate
• Invent • Improve
• Compile • Act Products include:
• Forecast • Predict
• Film • Song
• Devise • Produce • Newspaper
• Propose • Story
• Blend
• Construct • Project • Media product
• Set up
• Plan • Plan • Advertisement
• Prepare • Devise
• New game • Painting
• Develop • Concoct
• Originate • Compile
• Imagine
 Classroom Roles for Creating
Teacher roles in Student roles in
assessing assessment

• Designs
• Facilitates • Formulates
• Extends • Plans
• Reflects • Takes risks
• Analyzes • Modifies
• Evaluates • Creates
• Proposes
• Active participant
 Creating: Potential Activities and
Products
• Use the problem solving strategy to invent a new type of sports shoe
• Invent a machine to do a specific task.
• Design a robot to do your homework.
• Create a new product. Give it a name and plan a marketing campaign.
• Write about your feelings in relation to...
• Write a TV show play, puppet show, role play, song or pantomime about..
• Design a new monetary system
• Develop a menu for a new restaurant using a variety of healthy foods
• Design a record, book or magazine cover for...
• Sell an idea
• Devise a way to...
• Make up a new language and use it in an example
• Write a jingle to advertise a new product.
 Create—In a Nutshell
CREATE
Generating
Coming up with alternatives
or hypotheses based on
criteria
Synonyms: Hypothesizing
Planning
Devising a procedure for
accomplishing some task.
producing
Synonyms : Designing
Producing
Inventing a product.
Synonyms: Constructing
Questions Tasks
Can you design a...to...? Invent a
Can you see a possible machine to do a specific
solution to...? task.
If you had access to all Design a building to house
resources, how would you your study.
deal with...? Create a new product. Give
Why don't you devise your it a name and plan a
own way to...? marketing campaign.
What would happen if ...? Write about your feelings in
How many ways can you...? relation to...
Can you create new and Write a TV show play,
unusual uses for...? puppet show, role play,
Can you develop a proposal song or pantomime about..
which would...? Design a record, book or
magazine cover for...
Sell an idea
Devise a way to