WCDMA FUNDAMENTAL

For internal only

 Course Contents :

A. 3G Overview
B. CDMA Principle
C. WCDMA Architecture and Protocol Structure
D. WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

UMTS Overview
 3G Overview

UMTS Overview
 Cellular Evolution 3G
Multimedia
Intermediate
2.5G Multimedia

2G Packet Data

1G Digital Voice
Analog Voice W-CDMA
GPRS (UMTS)
GSM
EDGE
115 Kbps
NMT 9.6 Kbps 384 Kbps Up to 2 Mbps

GSM/
GPRS TD-SCDMA
TDMA
(Overlay)
TACS 115 Kbps 2 Mbps ?
9.6 Kbps

PDC
9.6 Kbps
cdma2000
AMPS CDMA 1xRTT 1X-EV-DO
CDMA 1X-EV-DV

14.4 Kbps 144 Kbps Over 2.4 Mbps

/ 64 Kbps
2003 - 2004+
2003+
2001+
1992 - 2000+
1984 - 1996+ EDGE = Enhanced Data for EVDO = Evolution Data Only
GSM Evolution EVDV = Evolution Data & Video
Source: U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray

UMTS Overview Evolution

 Standardization
CWTS
ARIB
ETSI

T1
3GPP ITU IMT-2000
IMT-2000
Standard
Standard

TTC
TTA

CWTS : China Wireless Telecommunication standard group

Commercialization : around year 2000
Work band : around 2000 MHz
Highest Service rate : up to 2000 Kbps
ARIB : Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (japan)
T1 : Standard Committee T1 Telecommunication (US)
TTA : Telecommunication Technology Association (korea)
TTC : Telecommunication Technology Committee (japan)
ETSI : European Telecommunication Standard Institute

IMT International Mobile Telecommunications

UMTS Overview Standardization

Indonesia use : UL 1920-1980 & DL 2110 -2170

UMTS Overview Standardization

 Indonesia Spectrum Frequency Allocation
450 455 460 465 470 475
Spectrum Frequency CDMA 450 Mhz
STI UL STI DL

Spectrum Frequency Broadcasting TV Allocation

478 . 695 700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755 760 765 770 775 780 785 790 795 800 805 810
ANALOGUE TV

Spectrum Frequency FWA-MWA and GSM Allocation

810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 905 910 915
ESIA FLEXI Fren Star1 ESIA FLEXI Fren Star1 ISAT TSEL XL

915 920 925 930 935 940 945 950 955 960
ISAT TSEL XL

Spectrum Frequency 2G DCS Allocation

1710 1715 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755 1760 1765 1770 1775 1780 1785 1790 1795 1800 1805
XL ISAT TSEL NTS TSEL ISAT TSEL HCPT

1805 1810 1815 1820 1825 1830 1835 1840 1845 1850 1855 1860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915
XL ISAT TSEL NTS TSEL ISAT TSEL HCPT Smart

UMTS Overview
 Spectrum Frequency 3G Allocation
1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
New XL
HCPT NTS TSEL XL ISAT Frequency Smart
2110 2115 2120 2125 2130 2135 2140 2145 2150 2155 2160 2165 2170 2175
New XL
HCPT NTS TSEL XL ISAT Frequency

Spectrum Frequency BWA-Wimax and TV Sattelite

2300 2305 2310 2315 2320 2325 2330 2335 2340 2345 2350 2355 2360 2365 2370 2375 2380 2385 2390 2395 2400

TDD BWA (Wimax) Wimax USO

2500 2505 2510 2515 2520 2525 2530 2535 2540 2545 2550 2555 2560 2565 2570 2575 2580 2585 2590 2595 2600 2605 2610

EMTEK BWA Indovision Transponder A Indovision Transponder B Indovision Transponder C

Glossary
EGSM (Extended GSM)
EGSM extends the frequency bands of GSM 900 giving it added network
capacity.
Most new phones listed as GSM 900 also support EGSM.

UMTS Overview
 WCDMA Band

• Main Bands
– 1920 ~ 1980 MHz / 2110 – 2170 MHz
• Supplementary bands : different country
might be different
– 1850 ~ 1910 MHz / 1930 ~ 1990 MHz (USA)
– 1710 ~ 1785 MHz / 1805 ~ 1880 MHz (Japan)
– 890 ~ 915 MHz / 935 ~ 960 MHz (Australia)
• Frequency Channel Allocation =
central frequency x 5
UMTS Overview
 CDMA Principle

UMTS Overview
 ACCESS METHOD
Power Power Power

Time Time Time

Frek Frek Frek

FDMA TDMA CDMA

UMTS Overview
 WCDMA DIVISION DUPLEX

time time
Time Frame
Duplex with n Time
distance Slot

UL DL

Freq Freq
FDD TDD

UL/DL separated by Frequency UL/DL separated by Time

UMTS Overview
 UTRAN NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

BSS CN CS Domain
mgw
A Nb MGW PSTN
ISDN
plmn
BSC PCU

Mc MSC-S
BTS Abis
Nc

Iu Cs MSC-S E STP
SMSC

Gb Vlr
D, C

hlr
SCP
BSS Auc

RNC
Gr Gc

Gn Gi IP
Iur sgsn
IP/ATM
ggsn

slr network
Iu Ps
NodeB RNC
Iub

CN PS Domain
UMTS Overview
 WCDMA Architecture and
Protocol Structure

UMTS Overview
 UMTS VERSION
3GPP Rel99 GSM/GPRS CN (MSC)

3GPP Rel4 CS Domain change to NGN (MSS + MGW)

3GPP Rel5 IMS + HSDPA

3GPP Rel6 MBMS + HSUPA

3GPP Rel7 HSPA+ (Max DL rate : 28 Mbps, Max UL rate 11 Mbps)

3GPP Rel8 WCDMA LTE (Max DL rate : 100 Mbps, Max UL rate : 50 Mbps, with 20 MHz bandwidth)

UMTS Overview
 General Protocol Mode for UTRAN
Terrestrial Interface
Control Plane User Plane
Radio Application Data
Network Protocol Stream(s)
Layer

Transport
Network Transport Network Transport Network Transport Network
Layer User Plane Control Plane User Plane
ALCAP(s)

Signaling Signaling Data

Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Bearer(s)

Physical Layer

UMTS Overview
 IuCS Interface (ATM)
Control Plane User Plane
Radio
Network RANAP Iu UP
Layer

Transport
Network Transport Network Transport Network Transport Network
Layer User Plane Control Plane User Plane
SCCP ALCAP

MTP3-B
MTP3-B
AAL2 PATH
SAAL NNI
SAAL NNI

Physical Layer

UMTS Overview
 IuPS Interface (IP)
Control Plane User Plane
Radio
Network RANAP Iu UP
Layer

Transport
Network Transport Network Transport Network
Layer User Plane User Plane
SCCP GTP-U
UDP
MTP3-B
IP
SAAL NNI AAL Type 5

Physical Layer

UMTS Overview
 Iub Interface (ATM)
Control Plane User Plane
Radio

RACH FP

FACH FP

HSDSCH
DCH FP

PCH FP
Network NBAP
Layer NCP CCP

Transport
Network Transport Network Transport Network Transport Network
Layer User Plane Control Plane User Plane
ALCAP

AAL2 PATH
SAAL UNI
SAAL UNI

Physical Layer

UMTS Overview
 Iub Interface (IP)
Control Plane User Plane
Radio

RACH FP

FACH FP

HSDSCH
DCH FP

PCH FP
Network NBAP
Layer NCP CCP

Transport
Network Transport Network Transport Network
Layer User Plane User Plane
SCTP
UDP
IP
IP
Data Link Data Link

Physical Layer

UMTS Overview
 WCDMA Wireless
Fundamental

UMTS Overview
 Spreading Principles
Basic Term.
• A bit information is a “ 1 “ or a “ 0 “ called Binary or
a “-1” and a “+1” called Bipolar

• The user information bit are spread into a number of chips

when it is multiplied with spreading code.
Chips = Data (bit) x SC
• The Chip rate for wcdma is constant 3.84 Mcps and spread
into a bandwidth of ~ 5Mhz
• The Spreading Factor (SF) is a ratio between the chip rate
and the symbol rate
• The same code is used for de-spreading the information after
it sent over air interface. (both UE and BS use the same code.

UMTS Overview
 Processing Procedure of
WCDMA System
Service Source Channel Coding Source
Spreading Modulation
Signal Coding & Interleaving Coding

bit Symbol chip Modulated

Signal

Radio Channel
Channel
Service Source Demodulati
Decoding & Despreading Reception
Signal Decoding on
Denterleaving

UMTS Overview
 DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM SIGNAL
1 -1 1

Information signal
A Chip

Spreading signal

Transmission signal

UMTS Overview
 UPLINK DOWNLINK

User bit rate SF Chiprate User bit rate SF Chiprate

Mcps Mcps

15 256 3,84 15 512 3,84

30 128 3,84 30 256 3,84
60 64 3,84 60 128 3,84
120 32 3,84 120 64 3,84
240 16 3,84 240 32 3,84
480 8 3,84 480 16 3,84
960 4 3,84 960 8 3,84
1920 4 3,84

Note: spreading factor will low when the bit rate is high

UMTS Overview
 CHANNELIZATION CODES
Channelization Codes or Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) are
use for channel separation of transmission from one transmitter.

CC1 & CC 2 CC3,CC4 & CC5

DL
OSVF used to distinguish between data channel from the same Node B

CC1, CC2 & CC3 CC1 & CC 2

UL
OSVF used to distinguish between data channel from the same UE

UMTS Overview
 OVSF CODE TREE

C8,0 = {1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1}
C4,0 = {1 1 1 1}

C8,1 = {1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1}

C2,0 = {1 1}
C8,2 = {1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1}

C4,1 = {1 1 -1 -1}
C8,3 = {1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1}

C1 = {1} OVSF
C4,2 = {1 -1 1 -1} C8,4 = {1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1}

C8,5 = {1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1}

C2,1 = {1 -1}
C8,6 = {1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1}

C4,3 = {1 -1 -1 1} C8,7= {1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1}

UMTS Overview
 Channelization Code
Radio Bearer SF Radio Bearer SF
Speech 12.2 UL 64 Speech 12.2 DL 128
Data 64 kbps UL 16 Data 64 kbps DL 32
Data 128 kbps UL 8 Data 128 kbps DL 16
Data 144 kbps UL 8 Data 144 kbps DL 16
Data 384 kbps UL 4 Data 384 kbps DL 8

UMTS Overview
 CODE TREE RESTRICTIONS
USING
Unusable
C4,1
C8,0 = {1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1} Codes

C4,0 = {1 1 1 1}

C8,1 = {1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1}

C2,0 = {1 1}
C8,2 = {1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1}
Unusable
Code
C4,1 = {1 1 -1 -1} C8,3 = {1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1}

C1 = {1}
C8,4 = {1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1}
C4,2 = {1 -1 1 -1} USING
C8,5

C8,5 = {1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1}

C2,1 = {1 -1}
C8,6 = {1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1}

C4,3 = {1 -1 -1 1}
Unusable C8,7= {1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1}
Code

UMTS Overview
 CODE CORRELATION
INPUT DATA +1 +1 +1

x x x

Orthogonal Code -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1
In Transmitter
= = =

Transmitted -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Sequence

Orthogonal Code
-1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1 -1
In Receiver

= = =

Received +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 +1-1 +1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -1 -1 -1

integrate integrate integrate

Integrated Result 8 0 -4

Divide by Code length +1 0 -0.5

(c) Problem time shifted (need perfect synchronization)

(a) Same Channelization code in Tx/Rx
(b) Different Channelization code

UMTS Overview
 SCRAMBLING CODES
Channelization Codes or Pseudo Noise (PN) use to distinguish
between different transmitter

SC1 SC1

SC3 SC4

NODE A transmit on Scrambling Code 1

SC2 SC2

SC5 SC6

NODE A transmit on Scrambling Code 2

UMTS Overview
 SCRAMBLING CODES & CHANELLIZATION CODES

Pilot, Broadcast
SC1+CCp+CCb

1 Data Channel
2 Data Channel SC1+CC3
SC1+CC1+CC2

1 Data Channel
2 Data Channel SC4+CC1
SC3+CC1+CC2
NODE A
USER 1
USER 2

Pilot, Broadcast
SC2+CCp+CCb

3 Data Channel
3 Data Channel
SC2+CC4+CC5+CC6
SC2+CC1+CC2+CC3

3 Data Channel 1 Data Channel

SC3+CC1+CC2+CC3 SC4+CC1+CC2+CC3
USER 3 NODE B USER 4

UMTS Overview
 DOWNLINK TRANSMISSION PATH

Spreading Scrambling
Code Code

Information
X X RF Modulator
Source

Symbol Rate Chip Rate Chip Rate

Receiver Information
X X
Source

Scrambling Spreading
Code Code

UMTS Overview
 CDMA Code Planning
CDMA Frequency Reuse: 1
PN2
PN Code Reuse Factor: 7
PN2 PN7 PN3
Sectorization: 3-Sector (7/21) Reuse
PN7 PN3 PN1
PN1 PN6 PN4
PN6 PN4 PN5 PN2 Codes available for code planning:
PN5 PN2 PN7 PN3 IS-95: 512*
PN2 PN7 PN3 PN1 cdma2000: 512*
PN7 PN3 PN1 PN6 PN4 WCDMA: 512
PN1 PN6 PN4 PN5
PN6 PN4 PN5 PN2
PN2 * IS-95 and cdma2000 use 512 discrete
PN5 PN7 PN3 time offsets of the same PN code to
PN7 PN3 PN1 facilitate cell planning.
PN1 PN6 PN4 In practice, IS-95 consecutive codes are
PN6 PN4 avoided in order prevent potential time
PN5
overlap of transmissions from widely
PN5 spaced cells. The maximum number of
available codes is therefore 256.

UMTS Overview
 Channelization VS Scrambling

Channelization Scrambling
Usage UL : separation of DPDCH UL: separation of terminal
and DPCCH from same
terminal
DL: separation of DL : separation of sector
connection to different
users
Length 4-256 chips 38.000 chips
(DL: 512 chips) UL 256 chips

Number of Codes Depend on SF UL : several million

DL : 512

Code Family OVSF Long Code; Gold Code

Spreading Yes (increase No

transmission bandwidth

UMTS Overview
 Huawei CE Consumption
per Service

UL CE DL CE

AMR 12.2K 1 1

CS64K 3 2
PS64K 3 2
PS128K 5 4

PS256K/384K 10 8

UMTS Overview