Abstract

 Sewer system plays a vital role in handling the sewage of the

overgrowing population and the increasing amount of rainwater
being present in today's cities. Maintaining them is critical in
ensuring their proper performance. Typical cleaning of the sewers
consists of using a high pressure water jets and a powerful vacuum at
the other end to secure the debris clogging the sewer pipes. Here in
the Philippines, declogging the sewer pipes consist only of two
winches and a thick rope. Sometimes it is done manually by shovel
and spade endangering the health of the ones involve in the cleaning.
The objective of this study is to create a machine that can declog the
sewer pipes more easily by utilizing the Archimedes screw. This
research aims to create a flexible yet sturdy screw thatcan get inside
a clogged sewer pipe and declog it and get the debris into the surface
using the principle of screws. This can be done by creating two
screws which will be designed differently. The design is to be tested
in a controlled laboratory condition.
INTRODUCTION

 Flooding is one of the biggest problems in the country

especially in the Philippines.
 Major cause: Clogged sewer system.
 Solution: create a machine that can aid the individuals
involved in declogging sewer pipes.
 Aim: Design an Archimedes’ screw that can collect waste
by the help of the structure of its thread. So the researchers
will try to use the screw to remove waste or collect waste
in the closed piped sewer system.
Statement of the Problem

 Determine the capability of "Archimedes screws” a

solution to unclogged closed sewer pipes.
 Will answer the ff. How’s:
 How to create an immediate solution regarding the flooding;
 How to reduce the time needed in declogging pipes;
 How to addreess the technological deficiency in cleaning the
sewers.
Theoretical Framework
Objectives of the Study

 This research aims to:

 (1) remove the debris/sediments inside a clogged
closed sewer pipes;
 (2) lessen the contact between the wastewater and the
individuals involved in cleaning the sewer pipes.
 (3) increase the efficiency of the work and lessen the
time used in declogging closed-type sewer pipes.
Significance of the Study

 This study proposes Sewer Declogging Machine as a

solution for a clogged sewer pipe.
 This study aims to reduce the working time needed in
declogging sewer pipes and in return, help the society
in its problem regarding floods.
 This research also aims to lessen the health risks in
cleaning the sewers.
 This study can also help the government in addressing
the increasing cases of flooding and to improve the
quality of living within the cities.
Scope and Limitations

 Utilization of Archimedes’ screw as a Sewer

Declogging Machine for closed sewer pipes.
 The design and materials to be used are provided
 Will consist of fundamental calculations regarding to
the working principle of the Archimedes’ screw.
 Will also deliver an analysis whether the use of the
Sewer Declogging Machine using Archimedes ’ screw
is more efficient than the manual cleaning operation.
The study limits itself with the application of the
Sewer Declogging Machine on the closed sewer pipe
system with a specific inside diameter.
Review of Related Literature
 Valipour, M. (2012). A Comparison between Horizontal and Vertical Drainage Systems (Include Pipe
Drainage, Open Ditch Drainage (1st ed., Vol. 4, 2278-1684).
Selecting a proper drainage system is crucial in the design for the declogging device. In this
study, a comparison between horizontal and vertical drainage has been done. The design of horizontal
and vertical drainage in terms of layout, depth and the clearance of the pipe. For this purpose, using
EnDrainWin and WellDram softwares drain spacing and well spacing, respectively, determined. With
this research, it is known which drainage system will be more affected and clogged. It will help the
researchers to quickly have a solution for both vertical and horizontal drainage.

 Nuernbergk, D. M., & Rorres, C. (2013). Analytical Model for Water Inflow of an Archimedes Screw
Used in Hydropower Generation (Vol. 139). American Society of Civil Engineers.
Archimedes screws have become increasingly popular throughout Europe to drive
hydropower plants using residual flow from a stream or river. It is because of the mechanics of the
Archimedes screws that makes it useful in the area of a hydro-power plant. This heightened usage of
such screws during the past few years is attributable to their robustness and simplicity. Presently the
dimensioning of a hydropower site equipped with an Archimedes screw is dependent mainly on the
experience of the engineer. This is because there is no needed theory for the optimal hydraulic design
of screws used at hydropower plant, especially for the water-inflow conditions.
 Rorres, C. (2010). The turn of the screw: Optimal design of an Archimedes Screw.
One of the oldest machines still in use is the Archimedes screw, a device for
lifting water for irrigation and drainage purposes. The geometry of the Archimedes
screw is governed by certain external parameters (outer diameter, length, and slope)
and certain internal parameters (inner radius, number of blades, and pitch of the
blades). When an Archimedes screw is tilted, it is then becomes a “bucket” that
traps water between its blades. The researchers may use this concept in declogging
the sewer drainage, with the right design of the Archimedes screw and with the
weight of every waste in mind. The performance of the screw varies with its specific
dimensions and the load being given to it.

 Patel, J., Patel, S., & Patel, S. (2012). A Review on Numerical and Experimental
Study of Screw Conveyor. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research
and Studies.
The design of Archimedean spiral plays a significant role on its efficiency to
discharge taken waste from the sewer pipe. Mathematical formulas regarding this
matter are supplied from Kent’s Mechanical Engineers handbook. The effect of
pitch on its output as seen in research study by Jigar Patel, Sumant Patel, Snehal
Patel (2012), the feed is under a head, as from a storage bin or hopper, the pitch of
helix in the loading zone should be less than the pitch of conveying section A-A,
while beyond the feed section the helix is uniformly loaded to about 40 percent as
seen in section B-B as shown in Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2
 The article will help us to see
in a broader perspective the
critical review of current
explanations on the working
concept of a screw conveyor.
In this paper, the design and
analysis of screw conveyors
for different materials and use
are discussed.
 Roberts, A. W. (n.d.). DESIGN and the casing and this has been shown to be
beneficial rather than detrimental to
CONSIDERATIONS AND
performance. The screw must be immersed
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION into the feed material at least to the level of
OF SCREW CONVEYORS. the lower end of the casing, otherwise the
Retrieved from conveyor will not elevate the bulk material.
http://beltcon.org.za/docs/b1114.pdf

Screw conveyors with fully enclosed

tubular casing are being used widely in the
industry as it provides high-effiency
transmission of elements from a certain
elevation and distance. The throughput,
torque and power are significantly influenced
by the vortex motion of the bulk solid being
conveyed. The relevant details of the
enclosed screw or auger conveyor are shown
in the Figure. The power driven screw flight
is supported in bearings and revolves in a
stationary tubular casing. Practical limitations
require a liberal clearance between the flight
 Patel, J., Patel, S., & Patel, S. (2012). A Review on Numerical
and Experimental Study of Screw Conveyor. International
Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies.
Screw conveyor consists of shaft mounted screw rotating
in tough and drive unit for running the shaft. The basic
principle of screw conveyor is similar to sliding motion of a nut
along a rotating screw when the nut is not allowed to rotate.
The weight of material and the friction of the material against
the wall presents the load of the rotating screw.
Transporting and/or elevating particles at controlled
steady rates, in this process screw conveyors can be used.
There are many application of screw conveyor in the industry
like in food processing, cements, sand, salt, plastics, agriculture
and in industrial minerals.
 Phillips, P. D., Fisher, J. D., & Sahm, V. A., III. (2012).
Material Conveyor System Container. Retrieved October 3,
2017, from https://www.google.com/patents/US8240070.
Elevator-type material systems or called buckets are used
to scoop up or fill the buckets while they pass along the path of
the movement. It is a conveyor system that is invented for grain
elevators and is made of polymers such as polyethylene,
polyurethane and nylon.
 Torres, C., & Strange, N. P. ((2014, May 8). Pipe and tubular
declogging device and method of use. Retrieved October 6,
2017, from, https://www.google.com/patents/US20140123377)
The device is used to unclog pipe by using a shaft and a
handle separated by a guard which when engaging with the
blockage which allows the user to apply force on the blockage
thus forcing the blockage out of its position.
 Caywood, M. G., & Lewis, B. (2009, December 3). TOILET
AND URINAL DRAIN UNCLOGGING DEVICE AND
METHOD. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=patentimages.storage.goog
leapis.com/pdfs/US20110056007.pdf
The device is put into the opening of the toilet or urinal
drain and pushes the plunger assembly into the central cylinder
assembly. The bottom end of the rotating flexible rod assembly
emerges from the central cylinder assembly and enters the
clogged drain. Thus by exerting force on said handle, and
rotating the spinner body will cause the flexible rod to rotate
and engaging clogs.When a clog breaker on the end of the
rotating flexible cable assembly engages the clog within the
drain, the rotating action of the flexible rod and clog breaker
will break up and/or remove the clog.
 Lagmay, A. F., Mendoza, J., Punay, K., Tingin, N., Delmendo, P.,
Cipriano, F., . . . Moises, M. (n.d.). Nationwide Operation
Assessment of Hazards DREAM flood modeling component.
Retrieved from http://center.noah.up.edu.ph/street-floods-in-metro-
manila-and-possible-solutions/

Clogged reinforced concrete pipes (RCP) can be clogged and

can cause abrupt floods on area that is prone to flash floods
specifically in Metro Manila. Majority of flood-prone areas are along
the intersection of creeks and streets located in topographic lows.
When creeks overflow or when rapidly accumulated, street floods
occur and should cause inconvenience to the people affected by it.
Possible solutions were proposed though it causes several paralyzing
traffic problems due to short-lived rain events and other factors. One
possible solution that A.M.F. Lagmay, J. Mendoza, et al. on their
Nationwide Operation Assessment of Hazards DREAM flood
modeling component, include the elevation of roads or construction
of well-designed drainage structures leading to the creeks.
 G Dellinger et al 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 49
102002. Retrieved from
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-
1315/49/10/102002/pdf

Archimedes’ screw is used for transferring water from a

low-lying body to an upper surface. The Archimedes’ screw
has been elaborated to investigate its performance by doing
some experiments. It includes the fabrication of the screw with
particular size of its pitch, outer and inner radius, total length,
screw inclination and the number of its blades. With a specific
design of screw, its flow rate then will be solved.