Académique Documents
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RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost
English Version
for
International Business Management
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 2
Overview
Retention
Employee Survey
Change Management
Knowledge Management
Social Media
HR Controlling
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 3
Retention
Key terms
Turnover costs
Turnover diagnosis
Turnover prediction
Retention measures
Turnover strategies
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 5
Turnover – Definition of Key Terms
Turnover
The process in which employees leave the
organization and have to be replaced
Turnover Rate
Involuntary turnover
Turnover initiated by the organisation (often among
people who would prefer to stay).
Voluntary turnover
Turnover initiated by employees
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 6
Performance Turnover Relation
Average turnover
underestimates
20% critical leaves
Turnover
10% Average
Performance
According to: William and Livingstone (1994). Another look at the relationship between performacne and
voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 269-298.
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 7
Turnover Costs
Training
Onboarding
Hiring
Visible („Direct“) Costs Selection
Marketing
Vacancy Lost
Separation Productivity of
Other Employees
Learning
Curve of
Hidden („Indirect“) Costs Lost New Hire
Productivity of
Other Employees
Lost
Productivity of
Lost Vacant Position
Productivity of
Other Employees
Lost
Productivity
of Incumbant
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 8
The Psychological Contract
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 9
Retention Factors
The Economist Intelligence Unit 2008 (Responses of 1.000 executives around the globe)
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 10
Major Retention Factors for High Potentials
Challenging
and strategic
Projects
Board Freedom to
Awareness Act
Retention
Professional
Networks Competitive
Within Salary
Executive
Trust &
Support
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 11
New Generations require new Ways of Life
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 12
Flexible Working Structures
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 13
The common Approach: Turnover Diagnosis
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 14
Exit Interview (Example: Intel)
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 15
A simple Framework to predict Turnover
1
Employee
Commitment
2 4
Capabilities to Intention to
Supervisor do a good Job Turnover
leave/stay
Quality
Social 3
embedded
ness
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 16
Commitment Capability Matrix clearly indicate
Supervisor Quality
High 5
Chris Christensen
Linda Anderson
Ed Flaw Russ Rothen
2 Pete Peters
Paul Cummings
John Smith
Low 1
1 2 3 4 5
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 17
Retention Target Groups
High
Turnover
Intention
Don‘t Take
Care Care
Low
Impact of Departure
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 18
Impact of „Cost of Changing Career“
Cost of
Doing Cost of
Nothing Changing
Career Cost of
Cost of
Change
Doing
Benefits of Nothing
Benefits of working at
staying other
with employer
current
employer
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 19
Turnover Decision Styles
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 20
Job Motivation and Satisfaction
Content Theory
These theories attempt to explain those specific things
which actually motivate the individual at work
■ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
■ Job Characterstics Model of Hackman & Oldham
■ Herzberg’s Theorie
Process Theory
These theories attempt to identify the relationship
among the dynamic variables which make up
motivation
■ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 22
Job Characterstics Model by Hackman & Oldham
Skill Variety
Experienced
Task Identity
Meaningfulness
Task Significance Motivation
Experienced
Autonomy Performance
Responsibility
Satisfaction
Feedback Knowledge
of Results
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 23
Two Factor-Model by Herzberg
Relative Frequencies of reported events
In „bad“ Situations in „good“ Situations
Motivation Factor
Recognition 18 33
Responsibility 6 23
Advancement/Growth 11 20
Self Actualization 8 6
Compensation 17 15
Subordinate 3 6
Status 4 4
Hygiene Factor
Supervisor 15 4
Colleagues 20 3
Leadership 20 3
Company Policies 31 3
Working Condition 11 1
Private 6 1
1 1
Security
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 50
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 24
Expectancy Theory by Vroom
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 25
Types of Job Satisfactioin
By Bruggemann
Stabilisierende Diffuse
Zufriedenheit Unzufriedenheit
Ohne neue
Verfälschung Neue Problem-
Problem-
der Situations- lösungs-
lösungs-
wahrnehmung versuche
versuche
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 26
McGregor’s Theory X and Y
Theory X Theory Y
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 27
Employee Survey
Result interpretation
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 29
Employee Survey Objectives
I II III
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 30
Employee Surveys can adress the Needs of
different Clients
Top-Management
Middle Management
Employees
Internal Service
Provider
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 31
Survey-Feedback
Improvement
Activitiy
Survey
Problem
Identification and Analysis and
Action Setup Reporting
Feedback
Results to all
Employees
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 32
Employee Survey Project Steps
Report
Prestudy Action Planning
Generation
Survey Survey
Implementation
Development Administration
Prior
Evaluation
Communication
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 33
Survey Development
Topics
Indicator
Questions
Adjustment
Pretest
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 34
During the past year, have you been bothered by
pain in your abdomen?
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 35
Q12 (Gallup)
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 36
A Typical Way to Present Results
Frequencies (%)
I have the materials and equipment I need to strongly partly- dis- strongly
N Average agree
do my work right agree partly agree disagree
1 2 3 4 5
Sales Germany 35 35 36 36 29
29 45 2,92 12 23 36 19 10
Global Sales 48 28 24
48 28 24 287 2,63 19 29 28 18 6
Organization
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 37
Survey Results (Example)
1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
1,7
Tasks and Duties 1,6
2
Work Environment 1,5 Region South-West
2,3 Germany
Empowerment 2,6
1,4
Colleagues 1,6
Compensation 3,1
3,2
2,5
Benefits
2,6
Commitment 1,7
1,8
2,8
Career Development
2,2
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 38
Ways to interpret results
Absolute
Means and frequencies of answers related to different
items are absolutely compared. The more negative the
results by absolut means the bigger the issue
Relative
Results are compared to internal and/or external
standards or benchmarks. In most cases results of
superior unit are used
Longitudinal
Current results are compared to results of previous
surveys
Objectives
Results are compared with predefined expectations
(objectives)
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 39
Rules in Follow-up Processes
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 40
Shortcomings of Traditional Employee Survey
Approaches
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 41
Satisfaction versus Strategy
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 42
Commitment & Capabilities related to Strategy X
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 43
Commitment Capability Grid – Example
high high
Mark Myer
John Shark
Cost Reduction
Russ Rothen
Schulze-Pübbelkamp
Capability Capability
SAP
Implementation Ed Flaw
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 44
Change Management
Program organization
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 46
Types of large-scale Transformations
Reengineering
Changing the way people work
Restructuring
Changing roles and responsibilities of people
Strategic change
Changing the direction of people‘s work
Cultural change
Changing people‘s attitutes, values and beliefs
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 47
Response to Disruptive Changes
Emotional
Response Anger
Acceptance
Active
Bargaining
Stability
Denial Testing
Immobilization
Depression
Passive
Time
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 48
Resistance to Change
Pessimism
(Perceived Complexity)
Level of Tolerance
Informed Optimism
Uninformed
Optimism (Naivité) Completion
Time
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 50
Why Transformation fail
(Kotter, 1995)
Lacking a vision
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 51
Sources of Complacency
Organizational structures
Low overall that focus employees on
performance narrow functional goals
standards
Infernal measurement
A lack of sufficient systems that focus on
performance feedback the wrong
from external sources performance indexes
Source: John Kotter (1996): Leading Change
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 52
People-related Challenges a any Transformation
Do the people …
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 53
Change Management Framework
Management Support
Functions Functions
Initialization
Sponsorship/
Commitment Communication
Scope & Vision
Organization
Setup
Training &
Controlling Support
Design
Change Stakeholder
HRM Integration
Involvement
Stabilization
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 54
Levels of Support
Sponsorship
Longterm support
Investment Sponsorship/
personally, financially, timely Commitment
Change Support
Commitment
visible, rationale und emotional
Acceptance
Acceptance
Understanding
Attention Preparation
No Idea Time
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 55
Roles in a Change Program 1/2
Sponsors
– Have the power to sanction and legitimize change and
to make decisions about change
– Create an environment that inables change to be made
on time and within budget
– The sponsors make up the steering group
Change Agents
– Responsible for making the change happen on an
operational local level
– They directly deal with employees and managers,
which are impacted by the change (targets)
Target
– The group who must actually change attitudes and
behaviour
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 56
Roles in a Change Program 2/2
Project Team
– Operationally drives the entire change program
– The project team is led by the project lead, who is
responsible for the overall success of the program
– The project team reports to the steering group
Sounding Board
– Key-players with a good sense of the company‘s culture and
the actual mindset of the employees
– Provide feedback to the project team about acceptance and
resistance on side of the target
External Advisors
– Give advice to the project team from a neutral standpoint
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 57
Typical Organizational Structure
Target
Sponsor
Steering Group SB
Line Manager
CA LM
MA
MA
Project Team
Project Lead
CA LM
SB
Change
Agent
CA
External Project Lead
Advisor (Consulting)
SB
Partner SB
Sounding Board
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 58
Relationships between different Roles
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 59
Positioning
What do you do for whom why?
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 60
Communication Measures
(with F&Qs)
Individual employee
Interactive
Town Hall Meeting meetings
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 61
Communication Strategy
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 62
The Communication Dilemma
Early
Communikation ? Late
Communikation
High
Unsecurity/ Clarity
Need for Information
Low
Time, Progress
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 63
Employee Involvement
Open Space
Involvement of many people in a one to two days event,
where no content is predefined. The event is srongly
facilitated
Focus Groups
Groups of selected employees (capable, ambitious,
highly
accepted) work on solutions regarding clearly defined
issues
Sounding Boards
Members of the target group provide regular feedback to
programm plans and directions and how people react
Employee Surveys
Employees are asked for their opinions individually or in
groups by using quantitative or qualitative data collections
methods
Nominating thought leaders into the program
organization
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 64
Open Space (Bar Camp)
Duration is between 2 to 3
days
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 65
Stakeholder Analysis
strong
Power
Resistance
Support
weak
low Impact high
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 66
Knowledge Management
Knowledge Economy
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 68
The changing meaning of Knowledge
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 69
Challenges
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 70
People versus Technology
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 71
From Signs to Competitiveness
Knowledge Leadership
IT +
Knowledge Task related
+
Information Combination
+
Data Meaning
+
Signs Syntax
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 72
What people know
Peers/
organization
Culture
Products Customers
Tools/ Processes
Technology
Competition
(Informal)
Networks Projects
Solutions
Partners
Mistakes
(Hidden)
Rules
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 73
Classic #1: Central Knowledge Database
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 74
Classic #2: Yellow Pages
Downside
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 75
Knowledge Generation Model
by Nonaka
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 76
Implicit Knowledge – Example
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 77
McKinsey Approach
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 78
Knowledge Transfer Process
3. Contacting
4. Cooperation/Support
Project
5. Knowledge development/
Enhanced Network
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 79
T-Concept
General Knowledge
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 80
HR Organization &
Information Systems
HR Outsourcing
HR Information Systems
Focus: e-Recruiting
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 82
Global Organizational Landscape
Global Headquarter
Corporate HR managing HR globally;
Regional HR managing regional HR;
Local HR serving Headquarter Staff
Regional Headquarter
Regional HR managing regional HR;
Local HR serving Subsidiary Staff
Subsidiary
Local HR serving Subsidiary Staff
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 83
Types of Organizations
Global Transnational
Views the world as a single Specialized facilities permit
High
International Multinational
Uses existing capabilities Several subsidiaries
Low
Low High
Local Responsiveness
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 84
Perceived Strength and Interests from two
Perspectives
Locally operating Globally acting
HR employee HR employee
“We are more familiar with “We are closer to senior
operational requirements management”
and practices”
“We know better what’s
“We know our customers good for the company as a
better”
whole”
“We need our freedom to
decide what’s good for our “We are more familiar with
local customers” the differences across
countries”
“We expect
responsibilities to design “We have the power to
our own processes and decide about strategic
tools” directions”
“It’s all different in our
country”
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 85
Trends in Human Resource Management
Responsibilities
Strategy
Consulting
Support
Administration
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 86
HR Roles by Dave Ulrich
Strategy
Processes People
Operation
Source: Dave Ulrich: Human Resource Champions 1997
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 87
Filtering Queries
Internet
SERVER
Service
Self Center
100 Service / Call HR
Queries WEB Center Generalist
HR
75 20 5 Manager
Database
Intranet
Source: Accenture
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 88
Screenshot „Abwesenheitsmitteilung“
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 89
Virtual Advisor (Lingubot)
http://www.daad.de/deutschland/en/index.html
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 90
Shared Service Center
internal external
Board
HR Corporate
Functions
HR HR HR HR
HR
External Partner
HR-Shared-
Service
HR
HR HR
Divisional Units
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 91
Economies of Scale and Scope through Shared
Service Organization
Economies of Scale Economies of Scope
decentral consolidated
t0
S1
C2
Utilization
t1
S2
Costs/Unit
Costs/nit
C1 t0
Shared
t1
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 92
Decentralized Recruiting Organization
HR Application
Marketing management
Definition of Target
Profile Preselection Application
Branch
A Data Base
Introduction Assessment
Definition of Target
Preselection
Profile Branch Application
B Data Base
Introduction Assessment
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 93
Identifying Duties to be Transferred into a
Shared Recruiting Center
Arranging Interviews
Relationship
Writing Job Offers
to Candidate
Pre-Selecting Cand. Searching in the Talent Pool
high low
Ability to Standardize
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 94
Integrated Recruiting Organization with
centralized e-Recruiting Technology
Definition of Target
Profile Branch
A
Introduction Assessment
Pre-
Shared
Applicant e-Recruiting Recruiting
Selection
Center
Job Offer
Preparation
Definition of Target
Profile Branch
B
Introduction Assessment
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 95
Modernd HR-Organization
Central Coordination
Individual support of
Dealing with complex HR-
Managers managers on HR-
related Issues
related topics
Employees Hotline
Delivery of standardized and regularly
Applicants ESS demanded services to all employees with
high volume (e.g. payroll)
MSS
Partner-/Supplier Management
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 96
Outsourcing Purposes
Quality
Focus Flexibility
Cost
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 97
Scope of Serices outsourced in the United States
Relative Frequency (in %)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Health Care
Pension Benefits Admin
Payroll
Recruitment (/wo Mgr)
Relocation
…partially
HR Development
…completely
Management Development
Compensation Admin
HR Technology
Mobility/Expatriates
Performance Management
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 98
Top Factors in Considering HR Outsourcing
Vendors
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 99
Internal versus external Recruiting-Expertise
depend on Positions to be filled
Internal External
Expertise
External Internal
External Internal
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 100
HR Information System
Example SAP HCM
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 101
User and Expert Systems
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 102
Expert System User Interface
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 103
Services can be classified according to the Type
of Users and Tasks
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 104
User and Expert Systems Usage
HR
Expert
Systems
User
User
Systems
Employees
Decentral Centralization Central
Decentralization
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 105
e-Recruiting Innovation Waves
Online- Backend/
Website Application Integration
Laggards
Late Majority
Early Majority
Early Adaptors
Innovators
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 106
Typical e-Recruiting functionalities
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 107
Learning Management System (e-Learning)
Authorization
Analytics
Collaboration
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 108
Social Media
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 110
Forrester Ladders
Creators
Write blogs, upload videos, generate content
used by others
Critics
React on others‘ content, edit wikis, engage in
forums
Collectors
Collect and sort internet content actively, use
tags and RSS, evaluate content
Joiners
Maintain relations to others
Spectators
Pasively use web content
Inactives
Don‘t use content generated by others
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 111
Social Media Activity
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 112
Social Media User Types in Employer Branding
Networker
Brand Builder
Be there
Maturity
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 113
Social Media/Web 2.0 Platform Usage
Employer Repu- Carreer- Job- Inter- Talent
TRM
Branding tation info Posting action Search
Blogs
Forums
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 114
Social Media Roadmap
Way to a Social Media Strategy
for Recruiting and Employer Branding
Check and
Objectives Listen Do it
Develop
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 115
Twitter
Time
Incident
Time
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 116
Elements of a Twitter Strategy
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 117
Key Terms of Social Network Analysis
Nodes,
Relations,
Density, Centrality,
Cliques, Clusters, Stars
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 118
Career Cluster versus
Professional Cluster
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 119
Learning on Demand
Off-the-Job iTunes U
Training
Conferences
Direct
Manager
Simulations Yellow
Pages
Yammer
Social Expert
Education Podcasts Communites
Offerings
Micro-Blogging
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 120
Formal versus informal Learning
20%
80%
Informal Learning
20%
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 121
YouTube Tutorials
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 122
Audio and Video Podcasts
Short duration
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 123
Principals of informal Learning
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 124
Internal Talent Markets
HR Consultant
According to: Bryan, L., Joyce, C., & Weiss, L. (2006). Making a Market in Talent. McKinsey Quarterly.
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 125
Social Media Policy at Yahoo!
Personal Blog Guidelines
Legal Parameters
– Legal Liability. When you choose to go public with your
opinions via a blog, you are legally responsible for your
commentary. (..)
– Company Privileged Information. Any confidential, proprietary,
or trade secret information is obviously off-limits for your blog
per the Proprietary Information Agreement you have signed
with Yahoo!.
– Press Inquiries. (..) If a member of the media contacts you
about a Yahoo!-related blog posting or requests Yahoo!
information of any kind, contact PR.
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 126
HR Controlling
Purpose of HR Controlling
Important indicators in HR
ROI of HR investments
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 128
Purposes of HR Controlling
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 129
Indicators in HRM
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 130
Indicators in HRM
Training Productivity
– Training days/employee – Revenue/employee
– Training costs/employee – Human Capital Value
– Training quality Added
– Verbesserungs-
Development vorschläge/Mitarbeiter
– # High Potentials – Employee satisfaction
– HiPos ready for promotion – Commitment
– Duration on one level
Retention/Safety
HR-related costs – Turnover Rate
– Salary/Total costs – HiPo Turnover
– Salary/employee – Boomerang-Rate
– Compensation structure – Bradford Factor (SxSxD)
– # Accidents/
1000 Employees
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 131
Classic #1: Cost-per-Hire
Which components make up cost-per-hire and how is cost per hire divided
through organizational units involved and new employees?
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 132
Cost Elements – Case
Advertising Events
Exlusively
Recruiting
Job ads (e.g. in newspapers); Job fairs; College recruiting; Direct
Postings in job boards; mailings; Open days at SAP;
Website/Homepage modifications; Company visits; Inhouse events (special accounts)
Marketing material; Image Image Reports; Labor Market
campaigns Research etc.
Travel Assessment
Travel costs of recruiters Assessment centers;
and/or candidates reference/background investigation; Related to Recruiting
Assessment tools; tests (e.g. cost centers)
Search Agencies
Operating Costs
Relocation
Executive search; Retained search;
Contingency search; Direct source Estate agents; Removal firms; Recruiters payroll and trainings;
providers; Contractors Visa / Work Permit Application; Applicant tracking systems;
Relocation services; Tax service; Infrastructure costs; IT support;
Temporary housing; Rental car; Office costs; Communication costs
Referral Bonuses Language training
Employee Referrals; Candidate
Referrals Sign on Bonuses
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 133
Classic #2: Time-to-Fill
When does it start? When does it end?
?
?
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 134
Performance Indicator Positioning
What?
Which Indicator?
How?
Which sources and methods are used to collect the data when?
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 135
Balanced
Scorecard Financials
Objective KPI
Customer Processes
Objective KPI Objective KPI
Vision &
Strategy
People
Objective KPI
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 136
Performance Indicator Framework
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 137
Implementing an HR Controlling System
Example: Turnover Early Warning
Definition of client, objectives and Systematic analysis of turnover Definition of methods and tools to
function reasons and possible early track/measure turnover drivers
Setting budgests, timeline and indicators and predictors
project structure Develpment of a model to explain Defining ways to analyse and
Approach definition and predict turnover behavior report data and results
Meeting with client/steering group Interviews with managers, former Workshop with experts, clients
and project lead employees, experts and HR managers
Determination of validity and Tracking data and report to clients Development and installation of
acceptance Data usage and related actions controlling system and related
Defining fields for improvements technical infrastructure
Identification and training of
employees (clients) impacted
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 138
Traditional ways to evaluate Investments in HRM
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 139
Return on Investment (ROI)
Benefit - Costs
ROI = 100%
Costs
Cummulated Benefits
Profit
Cummulated Costs
Operating Costs
Investment
Time
Project Start Break-
start Operation Even
ROI
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 140
From Problem to ROI
Problem
Solution
Cost of solution
Impact of solution
ROI
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 141
Value Added and ROI of Human Capital
OE
20
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 142
Measuring Employee Performance
* Human Capital
Value Added
= Revenue – (Total Exp. – Personnel Exp.)
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 143
How much does a Top-Perfomer add more Value
than an average Employee?
Reponse by HR Directors
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 144
Added Value in Key Functions compared to Other
Functions
Added
Value
C B A
1 2 3
0,5 1 1,5
Performance
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 145
Differenciated Added Value Estimation
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 146
Training ROI Calculation
Example
D FTE 28.797
F Productivity Increases 1%
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Advanced Human Resource Management; HFU Business School (2009) www.armintrost.de 147