the machine hardware. • Kernel can be considered the heart of the linux operating system. • On top of this kernel linux gives users the shell interface to tell this kernel and the services running on top of it what they should do. • Several shell are available, the very first shell that was ever created for unix back in 1970 was the Bourne shell. (/bin/sh) • Another shell that is available in unix like operating system is BASH(Bourne again shell) • Bash shell is completely compatible with the original Bourne shell, but it has many enhancement. • Other available shell are:- • Dash – A shell that is best suited for regular administration task • Tcsh – A shell with a scripting language that works like the c programming language • Zsh – A shell that is compatible with Bash, but offer even more feature • Sash – A stand alone shell that is best for troubleshooting purposes