Lab. No.

7B
Food Microbiology

 Water
 Milk
 Bacteriological Examination
of Milk
Normal flora of milk:

Enterococcus faecalis
Streptoccus lactus
Lactobacillus sp.
 Candida albicans (yogurt)
Bacteriological Examination
of Milk
Pathogenic bacteria may be
present in milk:
 E.coli
 Streptoccus pyogenes
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Salmonella sp.
 Brucella sp.
 Bacteriological Examination
of Milk
1-Microscopical Examination of
milk:
Note the cells of the normal flora
Enterococcus faecalis
Streptoccus lactus
Lactobacillus sp.
 Candida albicans (yogurt)
 Bacteriological Examination
of Milk

2-Determination of viable
bacterial count :

Using the pour plate method

after preparation of 10 fold serial dilution
from the milk sample with ringer solution.
 Viable Bacterial Count
Using 10 fold serial dilution method
1 ml milk 1 ml 1 ml

1 2 3 9 ml Saline
Milk sample

1/10 x 1/10 1/100 x 1/10

1/10 1/100 1/1000

Melted NA 1 ml 1 ml 1 ml

1 2 3
 Viable Bacterial
Results: Count
Y
Dilution No. of colonies per plate
X.y
factor 1 2 3 X

10 x1 X1.y1

102 x2 X2.y2

103
x3 X3.y3

X1.y1 + X2.y2 + X3.y3

No. of cells per 1 ml =
3
 Viable Bacterial Count

Results:

 Permissible number of bacterial flora in

pasteurized milk is 5 x 104 cfu/ml
 Permissible number of bacterial flora in
long life milk is 10 cfu/ml
 Bacteriological Examination
of Milk
3-Methylene Blue Reduction Test:
To determine quality of the milk

Increasing the number of bacterial flora will

reduce the colour of methylene blue more
rapidly due to increasing consumption of
oxygen.
i.e: The speed of reduction of methylene blue
colour is directly proportional to the number
of bacteria present in milk sample.
 Bacteriological Examination
of Milk
Methylene Blue Reduction Test:
Results:
 The shorter the decolorization time, the
higher the number of bacterial flora present
in milk, and the poor quality of milk
Decolorization time Result
30 min – 2 hrs Poor quality
2 – 6 hrs fair quality
6 – 8 hrs good quality
Over 8 hrs excellent quality
 Bacteriological Examination
of Milk
4-Test for coliforms:

 Done by inoculation of MacConkey’s broth

with 0.1 ml of milk sample.
 Examine for the production of acid detected
by changing the color of the medium from
purple to yellow.