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1
Review of Statics
• EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
• SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS
2 Equations of Equilibrium
Internal loads- loads that develop within a body due to the application of forces
Axial or Normal Force – force that is perpendicular to the transverse cross section or
directed along the axis of the member. Can be tensile or compressive
Shear Force- force that is tangent/parallel to the cross section
Bending Moment- couple that lies on the plane of the applied forces
3 Equations of Equilibrium
Consider the structure shown designed to
support a 30 kN load. It consists of boom AB
and rod BC connected by pins at B and
supported by pins and brackets at A and C
Boom AB Rod BC
50 mm
d= 50 mm
30 mm
Find the internal forces at each member
4 Equations of Equilibrium
1. Draw the free body diagram, FBD, of the structure
Detaching the structure from its supports at A and C, and replacing the supports
with its equivalent reaction forces results to the following figure:
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 = 0
40 + 𝐶𝑥 = 0
𝐶𝑥 = −40 𝑘𝑁 𝑜𝑟 40 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 − 30 = 0
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 = 30
6
Equations of Equilibrium
Notice that no additional independent equation can be used to determine the
forces, 𝐶𝑦 and 𝐴𝑦 from the previous free body diagram of the structure
𝑀𝐵 = −𝐴𝑦 0.8 = 0; 𝐴𝑦 = 0
40 𝑘𝑁 40 𝑘𝑁
A B
𝐶𝑥 = 40 𝑘𝑁 𝐶𝑦 = 30 𝑘𝑁 𝐶 = 50 𝑘𝑁 36.87°
C
50 𝑘𝑁
50 𝑘𝑁
B
8 Equations of Equilibrium
Alternative Solution:
Another way of solving the problem is by recognizing that members
AB and BC are TWO FORCE members
𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝐹𝐵𝐶 30
= =
4 5 3
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 40 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 50 𝑘𝑁
10
Equations of Equilibrium
Knowing the forces at the ends of each of the members, we can now
determine the internal forces in these members. Passing a section at some
arbitrary point D in member BC, we obtain two portions, BD and DC,
50 𝑘𝑁
Since a 50 kN force must be applied at
D to both portions of the rod to keep
50 𝑘𝑁 equilibrium, we can conclude that the
internal force at member BC is 50 kN.
The sign convention in the figure
50 𝑘𝑁 denotes that the member is in tension
50 𝑘𝑁
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT
11 DIAGRAM
- Commonly used for analysis and design of beams
Beam - a structural element primarily used to resist loads applied
perpendicular relative to its axis (relative to its length)
- can be subjected to concentrated loads or distributed loads,
moment loads or combination of the three
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT
12
DIAGRAM
Internal forces at a transverse section of
a beam consist of shear force and
bending moment
Shear force and bending moment
varies along the length of beam
The variation of shear force and
bending moment throughout the beam
is best illustrated by the use of shear
and bending moment diagram
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT
13
DIAGRAM
Sign Conventions:
POSITIVE SHEAR
10 kN-m
2m