Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Moment Diagrams
If we ignore mass of the beam, the forces on the beam are as shown:
Load Force
Load Force
w N/m
A UDL is
represented as
shown in figure:
Total load is = w length
w length
length
Combined loading
Beams can have a range of different forms of section.
Example
Determine the reactions of a beam of length 4.5 m which is supported at its ends
and subject to a point load of 9 kN a distance of 1.5 m from the left-hand end.
Neglect the weight of the beam.
9
RA RB
The reactions at the supports can be found by taking moments about LHS:
RB = (9 1.5)/4.5 = 3kN
Fy = 0 = RB + RA – 9
RA = 6kN
Example
A uniform cantilever of length 3.0m has a uniform weight per metre of 120kN.
Determine the reactions at the built-in end.
120 3
Ma
Rx
FBD
Ry
Fy = 0 = Ry – 360
Ry = 360 kN
Shear Force & Bending Moments.
BM
SF
x
SHEAR FORCE
V1 = 240 kN
V2
2
360
To determine the shear force at 2m from the LHS:
V2 = 120 kN
15kN 2kN/m
A B C D E
2 2 1 3
(a) Draw the FBD.
2 3 = 6kN
15kN
Rax
A B C D E
1
Ray Rc
By inspection Rax = 0
Have TWO unknowns: Ray and Rc. Therefore, require TWO equations:
Fy = 0 & M = 0
Fy = 0 = Ray – 15 + Rc – 6
Ray = 21 - Rc (1)
30 - 4Rc + 39 = 0
2
Rc = 69/4 = 17.25kN
Sub for Rc into equation (1)
(b) To derive the equations, split the beam into a number of spans.
Start from the LHS and whenever you come across a force OR bending
moment, you get a span for which an equation has to be derived.
15kN X=4
X=0
A B C D E
X=2 X=5 X=8
3.75 17.25
Span AB: 0 x 2 Span CD: 4 x 5
Span BC: 2 x 4 Span DE: 5 x 8
Span AB: 0 x 2
Mab Fy = 0 = 3.75 - Vab
Vab = 3.75 kN
3.75
15 x-2
2
Mbc
x
Vbc
3.75
CHECK:
Fy = 0 = 3.75 – 15 - Vcb
M = -11.25x + 30
Vbc = -11.25 kN
M/x = -11.25 = Vbc
MBC = 0 = 3.75x – 15(x – 2) - Mbc
0 = 3.75x – 15x + 30 - Mbc
Mbc = -11.25x + 30 kNm
Span CD: 4 x 5
15
2 x-2
Mcd
x
4 Vcd
x-4
3.75 17.25
x
Vde
4 x-4
3.75 17.25
A B C D E
6.0 6.0
3.75 3.75
0 0
Shear force diagram
-11.25 -11.25
7.5
0 0
-15.0
Point of counterflexure is a point where the bending moment graph crosses the
axis.
Mbc = -11.25x + 30 = 0
x = 30/11.25 = 2.67m