Feasibility Studies of Small

Hydropower in Kurdistan

Mahmoud I.Mahmoud
Assistant Professor & Consulting Engineer
Water Resources Engineering (ASCE)
Civil Engineering Department
Cihan University – Erbil
Dec. 2017
 HYDROPOWER
1. HP transforms the potential energy of a mass of water flowing in a river or
stream with a certain vertical fall (termed the “head”)

2. HP is the cheapest source of energy, renewable and environmentally Clean

Energy

3.The potential annual power generation of a HP project is proportional to the

head and flow of water
Site Layout
General Layout of SHP
 Types :
Type Power Output Applicability

Large urban
Large > 100 MW
population centers

Medium urban
Medium 10 – 100 MW
population centers

Small communities
with possibility to
Small 1 – 10MW
supply electricity to
regional grid.

Small factory or
Mini 100 kW – 1MW
isolated communities.

Small isolated
Micro 5 – 100kW
communities.
Pico <5kW 1 – 2 houses.
Types of Hydroelectric
Installation
 Typologies of
Hydropower plants

1. Run of River Plants

2. Pondage Plants
3. Reservoir Plants
a) Run of River Plants
- A Run of River plant uses the available –
river flow –
- A Run of River plant has a little –
cumulative water –
- High cost –
b) Pondage Plants
- Cumulative water flows permits storage of water –
for few weeks
- Pondage Plant can works when the level of river is –
low
b) Pondage Plants
Cumulative water flows permits- - storage of water -
for few weeks
Pondage Plant can works when the level of river is -
 Hydropower and SHP Potentials

Hydropower now accounts for about 84 % of

the electricity generation from renewable
sources in Europe (EU-25) and for 13 % of
total electricity production in the EU.

In 2001, in EU-15, SHP has contribute about:

2 % to the total electricity generation –
9 % of the RES (Renewable Energy Source) –
electricity generation
4 % of the RES primary energy –
Turbine Classified
Methodology of HP Development
• Site Survey: Hydrological & geological Survey.
• Estimation of Potential
• Regulations & Environmental Concerns
• Feasible Supply
• Turbine Selection
• Costing and Payback.