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Anasarca:
Generalized edema + profound subcutaneous
swelling
Anatomy and pathophysiology
3. Sodium retention
Renal failure, Renin- Angiotensin – Aldosterone
4. Inflammation
Acute or chronic,
Edema - Pathogenesis
Type of edema
exudate in inflammatory and
transudate in non inflamatory.
conditions
Morphology
Mostly involve - Subcutaneous
tissues
- Lung, Brain
Subcutaneous
– can be pitting (Cardiac or renal disorders) or
non – pitting ( Thyroid disorders)
Pitting edema can be
-independent parts (at ankles in ambulatory and
Back or sacrum in bedridden patients- cardiac
disorders)
-nondependent area ( periorbital in renal disorders)
Lung or Pulmonary edema –
Most common in Left Heart failure, lungs are wet and
heavy, pink frothy fluid in alveoli
Cerebral edema
– localized ( Abscess, Neoplasms) /
- Generalized ( Encephalitis), narrowed sulci and
distended gyri, fatal if edema develops rapidly
(due to cerebellar or Tonsillar
Edema
• Inflammation
• Venous/lymphatic obstruction
• Chronic lymphangitis
• Resection of regional lymph
nodes
• Filariasis
Clinical significance
Treatment
salt intake,
Diuretics (↑sodium Excretion),
Aldosterone antagonists