RESEARCH

CE 422: CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROJECT 1
 Meaning of Research

Research is a careful, systematic

and objective investigation
conducted to obtain valid facts, draw
conclusions and established
principles regarding an identifiable
problem in some field of knowledge.
– Clarke and Clarke
 Meaning of Research

Research is a systematic and

objective analysis and recording of
controlled observations that may
lead to the development of
generalizations, principles, theories
and concepts, resulting in prediction
for seeing and possibly ultimate
Subtitle of events. – John W. Best.
control
 Meaning of Research

Research is the systematic

study of trend or event which
involves careful collection,
presentation, analysis and
interpretation of quantitative
data or facts that relates man’s
thinking with reality. –Jeff L.
Homeres
 Meaning of Research

Research is a careful enquiry

or examination in seeking
facts or principles, a diligent
investigation to ascertain
something.- Clifford Woody.
 Meaning of Research

Research is the process of

arriving at dependable
solution to the problems
through the planned and
systematic collection, analysis
and interpretation of data. -
Mouley.
 Meaning of Research
Research is a careful, systematic and
objective investigation conducted to obtain
valid facts, draw conclusions and established
principles regarding an identifiable problem in
some field of knowledge. – Clarke and Clarke
Research is a systematic and objective
analysis and recording of controlled
observations that may lead to the development
of generalizations, principles, theories and
concepts, resulting in prediction for seeing and
possibly ultimate control of events. – John W.
Best.
Subtitle
Research is the systematic study of trend or event
which involves careful collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of quantitative data or
facts that relates man’s thinking with reality. –Jeff L.
Homeres
Research is a careful enquiry or examination in
seeking facts or principles, a diligent investigation to
ascertain something.- Clifford Woody.
Research is the process of arriving at dependable
solution to the problems through the planned and
systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of
data. -Mouley.
 Scientific Research
Research is a scientific exercise. Others argue that finding
solutions to problems can be generated through “common
sense”, however, it does not guarantee the existence of valid
conclusions. Science is knowledge gained by systematic study.
Thus, Scientific research may be defined as a systematic,
controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed relations among observed
phenomena. It contains the basic terms necessary in defining
the method of scientific research, and describes a procedure
that has been accepted for centuries.

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 Purpose of Research

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KINDS OF RESEARCH
KINDS OF RESEARCH
KINDS OF RESEARCH
METHOD OF
RESEARCH
1. HISTORICAL RESEARCH
It is the critical investigation of events, developments and experiences of the past,
the careful weighing of evidence of the validity of sources of information on the
past and the interpretation of the weighed evidence.
 Primary sources are eye witness accounts. They are reported by an actual
observer or participant in an event.
 Secondary sources of data are the reports of a person who relates the
testimony of an actual witness or participant in an event.
2. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
It describes the population’s characteristics. It is also called exploratory or
normative survey type of research. It includes:
 Qualitative research - generates non-numerical data.
o Case Study
o Content analysis
METHOD OF
RESEARCH
o Ethnographic research
 Quantitative research- quantitative research generates numerical data or information that
can be converted into numbers.
o Survey research
o Cross-sectional survey
o Longitudinal survey
o Cohort study
o Correlational research
o Panel research
3. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH- relationship between sets of data.
4. EX POST FACTO RESEARCH- no direct control of variables..

5. EVALUATION RESEARCH- judge the value , worth or merit of program, books, curriculum.
6. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH- study conducted in the laboratory.
RESEARCH AREAS/TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS/TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS /TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS /TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS /TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH AREAS/TOPICS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
 RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL
FORMAT

Title:
Team Members:
Statement of the Problem: (At least 3 statement)
Objectives: (Should respond in every statement of the
problem)
Research Project Description:
Significance of the Study:
Methodology:
References/Review of Related Literatures: (2 references
related to your study).
Time Frame:
Budget: