LESSON 4:

INTEL FAMILY

Prepared By: Kristine Joyce P. Ortiz

LEARNING OUTCOMES

5. Distinguish the different general-purpose

registers and segment registers of the
Intel 8086/8088. (CO2)
 8-bit names

32-bit names 16-bit

names
AH AX AL Accumulator
EAX
BH BX BL Base Index
EBX
CH CX CL Count
ECX
DH DX DL Data
EDX
SP Stack Pointer
ESP
EBP BP Base Pointer

DI Destination Index
EDI
SI Source Index
ESI
 EIP IP Instruction pointer

EFLAGS FLAGS Flags

CS Code
DS Data
ES Extra
SS Stack
FS
GS

Notes:
The shaded area registers exist only on the 80386 through the Pentium II.
The FS and GS register have no special names.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• EAX (Accumulator)
 32-bit register (EAX)
 16-bit register (AX)
 either of two 8-bit registers (AH and AL)
 used for instructions such as multiplication,
division, and some of the adjustment instructions.
 80386 and above: the EAX register may also
hold the offset address of a location in the
memory system.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER

• EBX (Base Index)

 addressable as EBX, BX, BH, or BL
 sometimes holds the offset address of a
location in the memory system in all versions
of the microprocessor
 80386 and above: EBX also can address
memory data.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• ECX (Count)
 general-purpose register that also holds the count
for various instructions
 80386 and above: hold the offset address of
memory data
 use a count are the repeated string instructions
(REP/REPE/REPNE); shift, rotate, and LOOP/LOOPD
instructions
 shift and rotate instructions use CL as the count, the
repeated string instructions use CX, and the
LOOP/LOOPD instructions use either CX or ECX.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• EDX (Data)
 general-purpose register that holds a part of
the result from a multiplication or part of the
dividend before a division
 80386 and above: an also address memory
data.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• EDI (Destination Index)
 addresses string destination data for the
string instructions
 functionsas either a 32-bit (EDI) or 16-bit
(DI) general-purpose register.
GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• ESI (Source Index)
 used as either ESI or SI
 addresses source string data for the string
instructions
 like
EDI, ESI also functions as a general-
purpose register. As a 16-bit register, it is
addressed as SI; as a 32-bit register, it is
addressed as ESI.
SEGMENT REGISTER
SEGMENT REGISTER
• CS (code)
 holds the code (programs and procedures)
used by the microprocessor
 defines the starting address of the section of
memory holding code.
• DS (data)
 contains most data used by a program
 Data are accessed in the data segment by
an offset address or the contents of other
registers that hold the offset address.
SEGMENT REGISTER
• ES (extra)
 additional data segment that is used by some
of the string instructions to hold destination
data.
• SS (stack)
 used for the stack
 SS & SP: determine the stack entry point
 BP register also addresses data within the
stack segment.
POINTER REGISTER
SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• EIP (Instruction Pointer)
 addresses the next instruction in Code
segment
 IP (16-bits) : real mode
 EIP (32-bits) : 80386 and above operate in
the protected mode
 used by the MPU to find the next sequential
instruction in a program located within the
code segment. It can be modified with a jump
or a call instruction.
SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTER
• ESP (Stack Pointer)
 stack memory stores data through this pointer
 SP: 16-bit register
 ESP: 32-bit register.
• EBP (Base Pointer)
 points to a memory location in all versions of the
microprocessor for memory data transfers
 This register is addressed as either BP or EBP.
SPECIAL PURPOSE
REGISTER
SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTER

• EFLAGS
 indicatethe condition of the microprocessor
and control its operation
 8086 – 80286: FLAG register (16-bits) and
the 80386 and above: EFLAG register (32-bit
extended flag register)
END OF DISCUSSION
LESSON 4: INTEL REGISTERS