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➢ Anything that kills brain cells (when blood and oxygen flow is stopped or
diminished)
➢ Stroke
➢ Brain Tumor
➢ Injury in the brain, such as from severe blow to the head or
➢ Gunshot wounds
➢ Infection in the brain
➢ Progressive Neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease
Broca’s Aphasia: Treatment
● May improve without treatment but the following are recommended when
talking to a patient with Broca’s aphasia:
○ Keep sentences short and simple, don’t speak to them as if they are a child.
○ Remember that their interests have not changed, only their ability to talk about
them.
○ Ask a lot of yes and no questions, or questions that require very simple
answers.
○ Use gestures or props to get your point across.
○ Fold in simple interactions such as sitting quietly in nature, where you can
enjoy each other’s presence without speaking too much.
SAMPLE OF BROCA’S APHASIA
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
● A.k.a. Fluent aphasia, receptive
aphasia, sensory aphasia, or
posterior aphasia.
● Wernicke’s area
○ left posterior temporal region of the
brain’s cerebral cortex associated with
speech
○ Described in 1874 by Karl Wernicke, a
German neurologist and
neuropathologist
Wernicke’s Aphasia: Signs and Symptoms
● Group Therapy
○ A small group of people with aphasia meet and communicate under the supervision of a
therapist
○ offers the opportunity to use new communication skills in a comfortable setting
Wernicke’s Aphasia: Treatment
○ a kind of therapy that improves the patient's communication skills by engaging them in
simple to increasingly complex conversation
● Patients with ADD/ ADHD have differences in the parts of their brains that
control attention and activity.
ADD and ADHD
● Affects children and teens and can continue into adulthood.
● Dopamine
● Available treatments are adapted to meet the needs of the individual child following
a biopsychosocial assessment.
● Treatments include:
○ Specific Medications
○ Psychoeducation
○ Social Skills Training
○ Special Supervision At School
○ Individual Psychotherapy
ADD and ADHD: Treatment
● Stimulants
○ most common type of medication prescribed for attention deficit
disorder
○ have the longest track record for treating ADHD and the most
research to back up their effectiveness.
○ The stimulant class of medication includes widely used drugs such
as:
■ Ritalin
■ Adderall
■ Dexedrine
ADD and ADHD: Treatment