Achmad Fathi, S.Kep., Ns.

, MNS
PERAN DAN FUNGSI PERAWAT
ADMINISTRATOR DALAM FUNGSI MANAJEMEN
CONTROLLING (PENGAWASAN)
DEFINISI CONTROLLING

 Is making something happen the way it was

planned to happen.
 Is the final step in the management process.

 Is a function in the management cycle closely

related to planning.
 Is implemented throughout all phases of
management.
DEFINISI CONTROLLING

 Is the management function in which

performance is measured and corrective action
is taken to ensure the accomplishment of
organization goals.
 Involves several systematic approaches to
ensure performance standards are met in the
most efficient way possible.
DEFINISI CONTROLLING

“the process of monitoring and evaluating

organizational effectiveness and initiating the
actions needed to maintain or improve
effectiveness”

(Pierce & Gardner, 2002)

MENGAPA CONTROLLING DIPERLUKAN

 Environmental change
 Environmental complexity
PROSES CONTROLLING PADA SETIAP LEVEL

 Upper-level manager: monitor organization’s

overall strategic plans.
 Middle-level manager: control the
organization’s divisional and departmental
plans.
 Lower-level manager: control of groups and
individual employees.
3 TIPE MANAGEMENT CONTROL (CERTO, 2000)

1. Pre control: before work is performed

2. Concurrent control: work is being performed
3. Feedback control: after work has been
performed.
CONTROLLING PROCESS (CERTO, 2000)

1. Measuring performance
2. Comparing measured performance to
standards
3. Taking corrective actions.
CONTROLLING PROCESS (SWANBURG&SWANBURG, 2002)

1. Establish standards for all elements of

management in terms of expected and
measurable outcomes.
2. Apply the standards by collecting data and
measuring the activities of nursing
management, comparing standards with
actual care.
CONTROLLING PROCESS
(SWANBURG&SWANBURG, 2002)
3. Make any improvements deemed necessary
from the feedback.
4. Keep the process continuous for all areas,
including:
 Management of the nursing division and each
subunit.
 The performance of personnel.
 The nursing process and product.
QUALITY CONTROL

 Is a specific type of controlling

 Refers to activities that are used to evaluate,
monitor, or regulate services provided to
consumers.
STEPS IN AUDITING QUALITY CONTROL
(MARQUIS & HUSTON, 2006)

1. Establish control criteria

2. Identify the information relevant to the criteria
3. Determine ways to collect the information
4. Collect and analyze the information
5. Compare collected information with the
established criteria
STEPS IN AUDITING QUALITY CONTROL
(MARQUIS & HUSTON, 2006)

6. Make a judgment about quality

7. Provide information and, if necessary, take
corrective action regarding findings to
appropriate sources
8. Re-evaluation
10 KARAKTERISTIK SISTEM KONTROL YANG
BAIK
1. Much reflect the nature of the activity.
2. Should reports errors promptly,
3. Should be forward looking.
4. Should point out exceptions at critical points.
5. Should be objective.
6. Should be flexible.
7. Should reflect the organizational pattern.
8. Should be economical.
9. Should be understanding.
10. Should indicate corrective action.
PENILAIAN KINERJA
(PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL)
“Performance appraisal is the formal
evaluation of an employee by a superior,
usually a manager or supervisor”

(Tappen, Weiss, and Whitehead, 2004)

OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

1. To give constructive feedback

2. Serve as the basis on which administrative
dicisions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
1. Appraisal: should be based on a standard
2. Employee:
 Should have input into development of the standard
 Must know standard in advance
 Must know sources of data gathered for appraisal.
3. Appraiser:
 Should be someone who has observed employee’s
work
 Should be someone the employee trusts and respects.
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL TOOLS
1. Trait rating scales: rates an individual against some
standards
2. Checklist: rates the performance against a set list of
desirable job behaviors.
3. Essay: a narrative appraisal of job performance
4. Self-appraisals: an appraisal of performance by the
employee
5. Management by objectives (MBO): employee and
management agree upon goals of performance to be
reached.
6. Peer review: assessment of work performance carried
out by peers.
TUGAS

 Baca dan analisa penilaian kinerja perawat di

rumah sakit!
Terima kasih