RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VASTU SHASTRA AND ENVIRONMENTAL

CONSERVATION

THESIS

SUBMITTED FOR

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
FROM

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND COORDINATIONORGANIZATION

(EPCO BHOPAL)

SUBMITTED BY

RICHA RAJORIYA PGDEM STUDENT UNDER EPCO,

ENROLMENT NO. 10141539

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. DR. ANUPAMA SHARMA DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

AND PLANNING MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

1
 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that the thesis entitled ― “Relationship between the Vastu Shastra
and Environmental Conservation” is my own work conducted under the guidance of
Dr. Anupama Sharma, Professor, Department of Planning and Architecture; Maulana
Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal.

I further declare that to the best of my knowledge, the thesis does not contain any part of
any work that has been submitted for the award of any diploma or degree either in this
Organization or in any other Institution, without proper citation. Wherever necessary to
give examples and references from previous research work, I have mentioned the
references and, am highly thankful for their useful contribution in the related field.

Richa Rajoriya

PGDEM Enrolment No. 10141539 signature of candidate

2
 DECLARATION BY THE GUIDE/SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that the statement made by the candidate is true to the best of my

knowledge and the candidate Miss. Richa Rajoriya has completed the thesis entitled

“Relationship Between Vastu Shastra And Environmental Conservation” for the

PGDEM course from EPCO, Bhopal under my guidance.

Dr. Anupama Sharma

Professor
Department of Planning and Architecture

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology

(Supervisor) signature of Guide/Supervisor

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to express my sincerest and deepest thanks and appreciation to my
Guide Dr. Anupama Sharma Madam, who has always given me time for discussion, have
supported me morally in hard times, given direction to my thoughts and who has
encouraged me to complete my work with dedication. I am highly thankful to
Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization (EPCO) for conducting such
knowledgeable and apt Diploma Course (PGDEM), where students from various streams got
an opportunity to show their concern about environment by working on their respective
thesis. I would like to thank Dr. Sanjeev Sachdeva Sir for suggesting such an interesting
topic and for supporting us commendably. Great thanks to Mr. Naveen Tiwari Sir and Mr.
Vijay Kumar Sir (PhD scholar in Astrology, Rastriya Sanskrit Sansthan) for their valuable
support during studying for thesis. Thanks for their remarkable help in understanding the
Veda’s Sanskrit Shlokas and also clearing some basic concepts of Vastu Shastra. I am
thankful to my beloved mother for her constant moral support and helping me in typing
Sanskrit Shlokas in thesis. I pay my sincere gratitude to Riatu Dubey Madam, who discussed
real time various Vastu Shastra related case studies with me and helped me believe its effect
in practical life. I would like to pay my gratitude to the Library of “Rastriya Sanskrit
Sansthan”, which gave me opportunity to read and study various books based on Vastu
Shastra and Environment. And at least but not the least, I owe my gratitude to all concerned
people who have supported me directly or indirectly in completing this work! I hope, as a
reader when you go through my work, you can find something interesting to learn and
implement in your life! Thank you!

Richa Rajoriya

PGDEM, EPCO

(Enrolment No. 10141539)

4
 ABSTRACT

The Vastu Shastra can be understood as an Ancient art of placement of any object with respect to the

cosmic energy grid which has a great effect on our lives. It has been observed and proved by many Sages

and Modern Architects that the structures which are planned and constructed according to Vastu

Principles are more auspicious and durable when compared to those without consideration of Vastu

Principles. Being a Civil Engineer, I developed a great disposition towards Vastu Shastra and I have tried to

study its few basic elements which are most important. The Earth is the only planet in the whole Universe

to sustain life. In the solar system huge planets including Earth revolve around the sun and on its own axis

as well. The only force i.e. gravitational force keeps these huge cosmic bodies to move in a defined orbit

and hence this gravitational pull of Sun and Earth’s own force of gravitation has a considerable effect on

the lives of all living beings. Secondly, due to earth’s rotation on its own axis and its tilt, we get different

seasons and day and night. The solar radiations, the air, the water, the earth, the fire and the space element

too has great effects on living beings. The imbalance of any of these forces or elements can cause

disturbance in our lives and hence, Vastu aims at balancing all these elements in our lives. Vastu is based

on the scientific theory of balancing these forces in every corner of the house, some reasons scientifically

known and researched while, some are yet to be researched. In my thesis, I have highlighted few of the

basic principles and techniques of Vastu Shastra which is related to environment conservation and that a

common man can implement while planning his dwelling, office etc. The recommendations given in Vastu

Shastra are eco friendly and aims to create a balance between the living beings, their houses and the

environment. These techniques and principles are valid for every country which has almost similar

geographical features like India. Since its origin began in India by Ancient Sages of India, it primarily

focuses Indian geographical, solar, wind and water conditions of India. With its implementation during the

planning and construction of structures, one can bring prosperity and peace in its and his family’s life and

can live a healthy wealthy life without harming the environment!

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SNo. Chapters Page No.

1 Introduction 9
1.1 The Vastu Deities 9
1.2 Vastu Shastra 10
2 Earth and Sun relationship—a significant role in Vastu 14
2.1 The Earth 14
2.2 The Seasons and the Winter and Summer Solstices 15
2.3 The Equinox (Vernal and Autumnal) 16
2.4 The Solstices (Summer and Winter) 17
2.5 The Magnetic Forces 18
2.6 Vastu and Magnetic Force 19
2.7 The Sun 20
2.8 The Sun and Vastu 21
3 The Environment and Vastu 23
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Principle Atmospheric layers 24
3.2.1 Biosphere 24
3.2.1.1 Exosphere 24
3.2.1.2 Thermosphere 24
3.2.1.3 Mesosphere 24
3.2.1.4 Stratosphere 25
3.2.1.5 Troposphere 25
3.3 Other Important Layers 25
3.3.1 Ozone Layer 25
3.3.2 Ionosphere 25
3.4 Ecology 27
3.4.1 Introduction 27
3.4.2 Ecology Types 27
3.5 State of Environment Before and After 28
3.6 Factors Impacting the Environment 29
3.6.1 Global Warming 29
3.6.2 Pollution 29
3.7 How Vastu Shastra practice can allay the environment degradation? 29
3.8 What is healthy environment? 30
3.9 Development affects health of environment 31
4 Literary References of Vastu Shastra 33
4.1 VS in Ramayana 33

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 4.2 VS in Mahabhart (MHB) 35
4.3 VS in Dharmshastra 35
4.4 VS in Manu-Shastra 36
4.5 VS in Arthashastra 36
4.6 VS in Kamasastra (KS) 37
4.7 VS in Ayurveda (AVD) 38
5 Environment in Vedas 39
5.1 Introduction 39
5.2 Trees and Environment in Vedas 39
5.3 Air and Environment in Vedas 40
5.4 Water and Environment in Vedas 41
5.5 Earth and Environment in Vedas 42
5.6 Fire and Environment in Vedas 43
5.7 Purification of Environment through river, mountain, sun and cloud in 45
5.8 Vedas 46
5.9 Trees and Ground water in Vedas 46
5.9.1 Five Element of Environment 47
5.9.2 Ether 47
5.9.3 Air 47
5.9.4 Fire 48
5.9.5 Water 48
Earth
6 Tirupati Temple: Perfect Vastu (A Case Study) 49
7 Vastu Concepts 52
7.1 Vastu and Sun’s Position Throughout the Day 52
7.2 How to use Vastu Shastra Scientifically 53
7.2.1 Introduction 53
7.2.2 Shape of a Plot 54
7.2.3 Guidelines given by Vastu about facing of site 56
7.2.4 Some special shaped sites 57
7.2.4.1 Triangular sites 57
7.2.4.2 Circular shaped sites 57
7.2.4.2.1 Case Study Sanchi 58
7.3 Row houses 60
7.3.1 Positive and negative influence 60
7.3.2 North and south facing 60
7.3.3 East and west facing 61
7.4 Apartment blocks 61
8 Building Materials recommended by Vastu 62
8..1 Introduction 62
8.2 Classification of Building Materials 63

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8.2.1 Classification of Building materials according to Varna 63
8.2.2 Classification according to Linga 63
8.2.3 Classification according to AAyu 64
8.2.4 Classification according to Avastha 64
8.3 Guidelines for trees cutting 66
9 Land according to Vastu 67
9.1 Introduction 67
9.2 Land Examination Through Vastu 67
9.2.1 Examinations 67
9.2.2 Measurements 68
9.2.3 Rectangular plots 69
9.2.4 Square plots 69
9.2.5 Gau-Mukhi Plots 69
9.2.6 Sher Mukhi Plots 70
9.2.7 Oval, Circular or Elliptical plots 70
9.3 Experimentations 70
9.4 Salya Vicara (defects in land based on bones buried beneath them) 73
9.4.1 Methods finding the probable location and type of Salya 73
9.5 Conclusion 75
10 Vastu and Energy Conservation 76
10.1 Introduction 76
10.2 Doors and Windows 76
10.2.1 Doors according to Vastu Shastra 76
10.3 Boring, Wells and Groundwater tanks 79
11 Conclusion 81
11.1 Environment Conservation and Vastu Shastra 81
11.1.1 Orientation Principles 81
11.1.2 Conservation of water 82
11.1.3 Cultivation of Gardens and trees 82
11.1.4 Use of natural building materials 83
11.1.5 Plumbing, drainage and waste disposal 83
11.1.6 Consideration to the life stage of wood 84
11.1.7 Medicinal Plantation 84
11.1.8 Less new construction 84
Bibliography 85

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 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1. THE VASTU DEITIES:

The Hindu mythology contains a large pantheon of Gods symbolising various transcendent and invisible
forces. Gods directly relate to Vastu Vidya are derived from the Vedas which are among the oldest literary
works of mankind, possibly dating from 25000 BC. The most important deities from Vastu point of view
are:

Shiva/Parvati: Shiva is the creator and destroyer; the passage of time and new life created from
destruction. He is usually depicted with a blue throat and his sacred animal is Nandi, the Bull. He has four
arms, usually holding a bow, a club, a drum and a noose. His symbol is the linga, or phallus, often
accompanied by a female yoni.
Vishnu/Lakshmi: Vishnu has ten major incarnations. Matsya, Kurma, Varcha, Narshima, Vamana,
Parsurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, and Kalki. Vishnu began as a minor cosmic deity, but developed to
make up the apex of the modern Hindu pantheon. He is often depicted with his consort
Lakshmi resting on a lotus. His sacred animal is Garuda, the half man- half bird creature.
Brahma/Lakshmi: Symbol of creation connected with the origin and control of the Universe,
Bhrama has four faces of which only three are normally visible. These represent the four Vedas. His four
hands denote the four directions and hold objects such as rosary, water pot, book, sceptre, spoon, bow, or
lotus. The swan is his vehicle.
Ganesh: Ganesh has elephant’s head, four to ten arms, and a rounded belly. The fourth hand is in the
boon giving position. Known as remover of obstacles, Ganesh is worshiped a he start of a journey or a
project. He is also known as the God of wisdom.

The Vedic Deities: the Gods may have been the result of the fusion of ideas brought in by migrants and
those of the indigenous people, which were eventually written down in the form of the Vedas. Each deity
was visualized as assuming human or animal form. Nirrti is both the female and male, being Goddess of
Destruction and Lord of Demons.

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 1

The all nine Vastu Dieties, (left to right):

Top first row: Vayu (God of Wind), Kubera (God of Wealth), Soma (God of immortal Ambrosia)
Middle Row: Varuna (Lord of Waters), Vishwakarma (Architect of Gods), Indra (King of Gods)
Bottom row: Nirtti (Lord of Demons), Yama (God of Dharma and Death), Agni (God of Fire)

1.2 VASTU SHASTRA:

Vastu means to dwell and Vidya means science. So, Vastu Vidya is the sacred science related to designing
and building houses. Vastu is rooted in Vedic philosophy, which emerged around 4500 years ago. Vastu
aims to balance between the home (the microcosm) and the cosmos (the macrocosm), bringing health,
walth and happiness. According to Vastu, the external and the internal are interchangable, for the
underlying energies that govern the elements, such as wind or fire, are the same as those that control the
organs of the human body. However in recent times, the essential connection between the two has been
forgotten, modern humankind having dissociated itself from the fundamental forces that govern the
universe. As a consequence the society has become scattered and restless, alienated from the natural world.
The chaos in and destruction of the earth’s delicate eco-system and the rapid extinction of species are
menifestations of this dichotomy.

1 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAYQjB0&url=htt
p%3A%2F%2Fshrifreedom.org%2Fayurveda%2Fvastu%2F&ei=z5gVVYq2H9eVuATrhoDIDg&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&
psig=AFQjCNHgv5s8s5mvpNecwfCj_EMvRpXsHg&ust=1427564994925245

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 Vastu states that when buildings and forms echo the underlying cosmic principles, they become a part of
the basic structure of the universe and vibrate in harmony with it. These positive vibations have a direct
effect on the inhabitants. Vastu contains the hidden key to realigning the home with the cosmic principles
such as solar energy, the movement of the celestial spheres, the magnetic field of the earth, gravity and the
influence of the moon and sun. It offers a holistic approach to the design and layout of houses. Although
the principles of Vastu are constrained by ancient universal laws, they are unconditioned by time and
remain as relevant today as they were 4500 years ago. Not are they confined to a particular country,
climate or hemisphere.

The magnetic field of earth (Souh to North)

In Vastu, it is understood that energy lines run like a large grid across the earth, from north to south and
from east to west. Orientating living and working spaces using a compass in accord with these space
directions has a direct influence on the residents. This electromagnetic field affects the human body at a
vibratory level, as each single cell in the body acts like a reciever. Human conciousness also respods
instinctively to the cardinal directions: the east is the direction from which the sun rises, ushering each
new day, thereby representing the essence of all beginnings; the west indicates the opposite, for as the sun
we are reminded of endings, the unknown and darkness; north is the direction of polar star, the fixed
point in the sky that denotes stability and security; the south represents the past and our ancestry. The
cardinal forms represent the earth and the ground rock, from which all the foms emerge.

2 Source: http://www.viewzone.com/magnetic.weather1.jpg

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 3

The eight directions according to Vastu Shastra

Proper planning is required for construction of structures and it can be done with the implementation of
mathematical concepts which are highly accuate and precise. Mathematics and numbers comprise the
fabric of the universe and perfect proportion reflects the perfection of the universe and brings the
microcosm into confirmity with th macrocosm. No building can be constructed or properly arranged
without a plan. The plan used in Vastu is Vastu Purush Mandala4 which is a three dimensional yantra (a
diagram mapping cosmic energies) encapsulating all the forces acting on any given space.

3 Source: https://sp.yimg.com/ib/th?id=HN.608022843975929780&pid=15.1&P=0
4 Reference: book “Vastu Vidya— the Indian art of placement”, by Juliet Pergrum, page no. 12.

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 5

5 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAYQjB0&url=htt
p%3A%2F%2Fwww.futurepointindia.com%2Femember%2Fe-
journalnovember.aspx&ei=BpoVVeCmCYqiugTx5IHIDg&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNHgv5s8s5mvpNecwfCj
_EMvRpXsHg&ust=1427564994925245
6 Reference: book “Vastu Vidya— the Indian art of placement”, by Juliet Pergrum, page no. 13.

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 Chapter 2

EARTH AND SUN RELATIONSHIP— SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN VASTU

2.1 EARTH
The earth or Prithvi is a huge life sustaining globe, 12800 km (7500 mile) in diametre, revolving in a
relentless orbit around the sun that takes 365¼ days to complete. The earth too spins on its own axis (N- S
axis) in a cycle that takes 24 hours to complete one rotation, thereby creating day and night. Earth is the
third planet of Solar System which is 150 million km (94 million miles) from the sun. This is the reason
why Earth sustains life. Unlike other planets Earth enjoys optimum levels of heat to sustain its fertile
environment. Three quarters of its surface is covered by water, which in combination with three of the
other four natural elements air, fire and earth make life on Earth posible.

The Vastu Shastra principles are purely scientific and deals with the various type of energies affecting our
planet and lives. These energies affect our daily as well as yearly lives. Moon is known to affect daily life
as due to gravitational pull only the high and low tides are generated in the Sea which is a huge water
body. Likewise our body has 70 percent water in it and hence due to this moon’s gravitational effect
affects our daily life. According to VS, there is an entricate system of energy lines covering the earth like a
grid. These lines run from dipolar magnetic points of north and south and from east to west, along the path
of the sun. A plot of land demarcated in the shape of a square or rectangle exhibits the same characteristics
in terms of the movement of energy as the entire planet Earth. Using the image of the square, the ancient
Sages calculated the proportion of each compass direction. The four major compass directions North,
South, East and West form a cross and are at 90 degree to one another. The earth’s axis is tilted at an angle
of 23.5 degree; the Ancients divided that number into 360 degree which leaves an average number of 15
degree. Therefore an angle of 15 degree is taken from each corner of the major directions of 90 degree,
totalling 60 degree in all, and leaving reminder of 30 degree. Therefore it is calculated that each major
direction has an angle of 60 degree and each of the junctional directions, such as N-E has an angle of 30
degree.

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 7

The Earth

By calculating the proportion of each direction the Ancient Sages were able to calculate which area of any
given space the different directions influence. If properly designed and oriented then the house will absorb
all the positive natural energies, thus ensuring the well being and contentment of its inhabitants. With
proper care and attention, the design and layout of houses can echo the underlying energy patterns at
work in the cosmos. The house naturally beomes a part of the fabric of the universe, vibrating in harmony
with it, which ultimately benifits the entire planet.

2.2 THE SEASONS AND THE WINTER AND SUMMER SOLSTICES

The Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun once every 365 days, following an orbit that is
elliptical in shape. This means that the distance between the Earth and Sun which is 93 million miles on
average, varies throughout the year. During the first week in January, the Earth is about 1.6 million miles
closer to the Sun. This is referred to as the perihelion8. The aphelion9, or the point at which the

7 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAUQjhw&url=http%3A%2F%2
Fscijinks.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fsolstice%2F&ei=8csWVZKeBZfluQSC8IGwCQ&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNHKYV2a3gWtQrvqoA
fF0Zp3Vop2aw&ust=1427643740168132
8 Reference: Book “Surveying Volume 3”— by BCPunmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, page no. 40.
9 Reference: Book “Surveying Volume 3” —by BCPunmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, page no. 40

15
 Earth is about 1.6 million miles farther away from the sun, occurs during the first week in July. This fact
may sound counter to what we know about the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, but actually, the
difference is not significant in terms of climate and is not the reason why we have seasons. Seasons are
cause by the fact that earth is tilted on its axis by 23.5 degree. The tilt’s orientation with respect to space
does not change during the year, thus the Northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun in June and away
from the sun in December.

2.3 THE EQUINOX (VERNAL AND AUTUMNAL)

There are only two times of the year when the Earth’s axis is tilted neither towards nor away from the sun,
resulting in a nearly equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes. These events are referred to as
Equinoxes. The word Equinox is derived from two Latin words- aequus (equal) and nox (night). At the
equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on these two equinoxes. The nearly equal hours of day and
night is due to refraction of sunlight or a bending of light’s rays that causes the sun to appear above the
horizon when the actual position of sun is below the horizon. The days become little longer at the higher
latitudes (those at a distance from the equator) because it takes the sun longer to rise and set. Therefore, on
the equinox and several days before and after the equinox, the length of day will range from about 12
hours and six and a half minutes at the equator to 12 hours and 8 minutes at 30 degrees latitude, to 12
hours and 16 minutes at 60 degrees latitude.

10

Diagram showing summer and winter Solstice

10 Source:
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/wp-
content/uploads/2011/03/vernal-equinox.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2011/03/20/vernal-

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 2.4 THE SOLSTICES (SUMMER AND WINTER)

The summer solstices occur at the moment the earth’s tilt towards from the sun is at maximum. Therefore,
on the day of the summer solstice, the sun appears at its highest elevation with a noontime position that
changes very little for several days before and after the summer solstice. The summer solstice occurs when
the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, which is located at 23.5 degree latitude North, and runs
through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India and the southern China. For every place north
of the tropic of Cancer, the sun is at its highest point in the sky and this is the longest day of the year.

11

Diagram illustrating stand-still phenomenon of Earth

equinox-launches-spring/&h=480&w=640&tbnid=9hCQlqHpxSoDRM:&zoom=1&docid=JhAXUqE4HaKM2M&ei=6-
EWVbDPM4ipuwS084HIDg&tbm=isch&ved=0CFkQMygzMDM
11 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAUQjhw&url=http%3A%2F%2
Fwww.theasiasun.com%2Fsummer-solstice-june-21th-2011-is-longest-day-of-the-
year%2F921911%2F&ei=Y9MWVZ3pJcbauQSTlYHQDg&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNE1KjsLSqn8YHnZvGwrYHsMqiFuWw
&ust=1427645604450926

17
 The winter solstice marks the shortest day and longest night of the year. In the Northern Hemisphere, it
occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn, which is located at 23.5 degree south of the
equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil and northern South Africa. The orientation
principles of Vastu Shastra are based on the Sun’s movement and the Seasonal variations due to which the
temperature of earth increases and decreases. The VS principles are set in accordance to the India’s
geographical location in the globe. These principles will be applicable to all the countries and places
whose geographic conditions are similar to that of India. The sages analysed and observed each and every
little activity on the earth and then inferred few important points with regard to Indian weather and Sun’s
movement conditions. These important observations and their conclusions are available to us in the form
of Granth, Shastra, holy books etc. Their findings are based on the scientific reasons and not just based on
mythology.

2.5

12
Reference: Book “Electricity and magnetism grade 5-8”, By John B. Beaver, Ph.D., Don Powers, Ph.D.

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 13

13 Source: https://sp.yimg.com/ib/th?id=HN.608005389235849404&pid=15.1&P=0
14
Reference: Book “Vaastu: The Art And Science Of Living”, By Ashwini Kumar, page no. 87.

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 15 16

15 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAUQjhw&url=http%3A%2F%2
Fwww.democraticunderground.com%2Fdiscuss%2Fduboard.php%3Faz%3Dview_all%26address%3D222x49843&ei=QtkWVezSAsS9
ugT4woLYDg&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEcTImoj6_W08jHibNemVScqD_1Mg&ust=1427647151705088
16 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAUQjhw&url=http%3A%2F%2
Fwww.magnetic-therapy-greatness.com%2Fmagnetic-therapy-for-
back.html&ei=g9kWVfmrL4KpuQSRroLYDg&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNEcTImoj6_W08jHibNemVScqD_1Mg&ust=1427
647151705088

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 2.7 THE SUN
The Sun is the source of life on our planet Earth. The Sun is the centre of the solar system of
Milkiway galaxy in the universe. The Sun is not a planet but, a star which has its own heat and
light. The Sun is 94 million miles away from the Earth. The speed of the light in vacuum as 3 lac
Km per sec. The Sun is a complex celestial body that consists of hot gases. These gases just
like our atmosphere or the ocean take on gravitational affects of planets surrounding the Sun.
The gases produce waves/tides due to the planets gravitational pull. It works just like the Moon-
ocean dynamic. The Sun is worshiped as Lord in almost every religion, most specifically in Hindu
Religion. The radiating heat and light from Sun is not just important for physical activities but also for
mental and spiritual activities. Estimated to be over 5,000,000,000 years old, the sun is enormous ball of
glowing gas, most of which is hydrogen slowly being turned into helium. The scientific reason for this
enormous heat energy is nuclear reaction. The atomic fusion releases energy that permeates throughout the
solar system. It not just produces heat and light but also a strong and powerful electro-magnetic field. This
magnetic field is the master of our day today life. The science of Astrology and affects of different planets
on our daily life is also related with this magnetic field. Being the centre of the solar system, it has been
proved that Sun has a great gravitational pull and push which determines the orbit of the planets through
space.

2.8 SUN AND VASTU

In Vastu Shastra, the Sun is considered the Lord of East! It is a universal fact that sun rises from east and
sets in west. Sun is Known as “Golden Jewel of Heaven” and is worshiped by mankind, the Lord of East,
who storms across the skies in a flaming chariot drawn by seven horses or one horse with seven heads.
His Sanskrit name is surya17, meaning to shine. The Sun is symbol of pure energy, shakti. Even in Vedas,
the Sun has been given due respect and honour. The most auspicious prayer in Rig-Veda is Gayatri
Mantra18, which is an invocation to the Sun God, asking for his protection. There is also famous Surya
Mandal Stotra, a section from Indian epic Ramayana. This part of an invocation to the Sun made by Lord
Rama at the request of Maharshi Agastya before he enters Lanka to do battle with the demon king
Ravana. The Surya Manadal Stotra is made up of twelve verses or stanzas, which worships the Sun’s
movement into the twelve houses, representing the twelve calendar months.

17 Reference: Wikipedia: Surya (/ˈsʊərjə/; Sanskrit: सूय□ Sūrya, "the Supreme Light"
18 Reference: Wikipedia: Gayatri Mantra (RigVedaIII.62.10) refers to 'understanding', and its cognate word Buddhi.

21
 19

Sun, a ball of fire

The movement of the Sun: orientation plays a crucial role in Vastu Shastra. The East is the position from
which the Sun rises every day and therefore represents the quintessence of all the beginnings, so the
occupants of a building derive maximum benefits from the Sun’s eastern rays. The morning sun emits
ultra-violet rays, which contain more light and less heat than later on in the day. UV rays trigger the
formation of vitamin-D in our body when the bare skin is exposed to the sun. These UV rays also acts as
purifier, killing germs and disease carrying bacteria. As the sun moves towards the west it grows hotter,
emitting more infer-red rays, which are detrimental to the health.

It is explicitly laid down in VS that more space, more doors and windows and more balconies and verandahs
should be provided in the northern and eastern directions, so that there can be an unhindered passage for the
morning rays. This means that large plants and trees, high fences and any obstruction should be avoided in the
north and east. It is even better if the ground level is lower towards the east and north. The energy released by the
sun in the form of solar wind is known in India as the “breathe of God”. It contains both negative and positive
particles that filter through each individual vibration level of the earth’s atmosphere as electricity, magnetism, and
light.

19 Source:http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-
live/photos/000/065/cache/glowing-sun-
prominence_6594_600x450.jpg&imgrefurl=http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/photos/sun-
gallery/&h=450&w=600&tbnid=tpuEqUs5oIPYiM:&zoom=1&docid=cWSmkutmxBD5gM&ei=7eIWVcKgCtDHuASQlIHID
g&tbm=isch&ved=0CE0QMygVMBU

22
23
 29

Diagram of Buddhist Stupa, Sanchi, Bhopal

7.2.4.2.1 CASE STUDY SANCHI30:

Sanchi in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh (in the heart of India) is where the famous Sanchi Stupa is
located. The village and the Stupas are located about 46 km northeast of Bhopal and its map coordinates
are 23°28'50" North and 77°44'11" East. Sanchi in Hindi means a mound of stones.

The Sanchi Stupa is a highly evolved, elaborate structure. It has the following elements:

Four toranas or entrance gates at the North, East, South and West

Stone Fence Railing

Foundation

Stone path around the central Stupa

The upper level pradakshina or circum-ambulating path

The Central Dome

The square Harmika atop the dome

29 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAYQjB0&url=http%3A%2F%2F
imgarcade.com%2F1%2Fgreat-stupa-at-sanchi-
diagram%2F&ei=SKYVVd3GKoTIuASKoYLIDg&bvm=bv.89381419,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNHiTVcUDg3F6edMpyYe2wbpOBT4Dg&ust=142
7568562367222
30 Reference: http://www.livevaastu.com/indian-temples-architecture

24
 A pole rising from the centre of the Harmika supporting the Chhatra

The Staircase leading to the terrace

The dome is rounded on top of which sits a square platform known as the Harmika. In the centre atop
the dome is a chhatra (umbrella) on a single pole. The pole represents the world axis and the chhattra or
umbrella depicted royalty as well as the sacred Tree of Life or enlightenment. The Sanchi stupa chhatra
represents the Buddha, the Law and the community of monks. The dome is placed on a raised platform
with stairs going around it in a clockwise direction from the ground up. This enables a worshipper to
circumambulate the dome. The entire structure sits surrounded by railing or balustrade and elaborately
carved gateways opening out North, East, South and West. The entire Stupa complex is usually built on
a hill. Symbolically, the dome is the universe and represents the Buddha and the gates carry carvings
depicting his life story or from the Jataka tales.

The entire Sanchi Stupa complex is rectangular in shape with the longer sides in a North-South direction
and the site sits atop a hill. The approach is a gentle incline up the hill leading to the main stupa. The
main stupa is located in the centre and is closer to the west perimeter. The Stupa has four gateways or
“toranas”pointing in the four directions North, East, South and West. The four toranas symbolize trust,
courage, love and peace. In front of the stupa to its south-east is the temple. The new temple is located at
the northern border of the complex. At a distance from the northern border is a water tank. There is yet
another stupa to the West of the complex, at a distance. Next to the main stupa towards the south is the
Ashoka Pillar and a little bit to the East there is a smaller temple. The Vihara is at the Eastern border of
the complex, facing the main stupa.

The form of the stupa symbolizes a man sitting in meditation. In another sense it symbolizes the five
elements, colours and connection to the enlightened mind. The base of the stupa is square and is
represented by yellow that stands for earth or equanimity or balance. The dome is a circle represented by
white colour that stands for water that is indestructible and only changes its form. The spire is usually a
triangle represented by the colour red symbolizing fire that is compassionate. The chhattra or umbrella is
a half circle represented by green symbolized by the wind that accomplishes and stands for action.
Finally there is the jewel or the dewdrop that in essence is formless representing space or awareness.

Each item in the stupa itself has associated symbolism. The steps at the base represent the three refuges
of Buddha. The steps below the dome represent the legs of the Buddha made up of kindness, joy,
balance and joy. The dome is the Buddha’s chest made up of the seven elements of enlightenment.

25
The Harmika represent the eyes of the Buddha. The spire represent the levels or stages of the path. The
chhatra or umbrella shelters and represents compassion. The jewel or space represents enlightenment.

Ancient Vastu principles embody the same principle where a plot of land, a building is akin to the
structure of a human body, with energy fields and flow and needs cosmic alignment that is visible in the
Sanchi Stupa structure.

Apart from containing relics of the Buddha and venerated, Stupas, in general, promote harmony and
peace—positive energies and at the same time reduce negative influences like strife, discord and famine.
Stupas are conceived and built to prevent ill health and maintain a balance in the forces of nature. In a
way the structure and placements of elements represent a human body with placement of chakras.

As a magnificent monument, the Sanchi Stupa keeps you entranced for hours. For those who seek deeper
meanings, there are hidden symbolisms to discover and interpret at various levels.

26
27
 Chapter 8

BUILDING MATERIALS RECOMMENDED BYVASTU

1. INTRODUCTION

The tradition of Vastu strictly recommends the use of few building materials. Ancient Vastu practitioners
believed that every substance has a living energy, with some material transmitting positive and others
negative energy. Certain rocks such as sandstone and marble, are considered to have a very positive
influence on the inhabitants, while others such as granite and quartz, constrict the flow of blood in the
vessels and cause health problems. The ideal apartment block should be made from either brick or stone,
not glass or reinforced concrete.

The Vastu Shastra texts have even commented on the quality of the material used. Vastu advocated the use
of mature stone, which vibrates with a deep sound when struck. It feels cool and glows, while younger
stone is rough and streaked. Brick ideally should be red, well proportioned, free from cracks and resonate
harmoniously. Modern architects and engineers encourage use of building materials like steel, glass or
other synthetic materials. However, they may be strengthening the building at the expense of health.
Modern Vastu practitioners believe that concrete is dead material that emits a negative energy. If exposed
to this energy over a period of time, people become susceptible to disease and illness. Similarly, using
steel girders in a building that is not properly earthed is like living in a huge magnet. This too causes stress
on those inside.

Maya describes seven basic building materials which are primarily used in construction, viz., Sand, Bricks,
Lime, Stone, Wood, Metals, Precious stones and Jewels and Gems, whereas Bhrgu mentions one more
type i.e. Kaula and excludes precious stones. Various types of secondary materials like artificial and
natural chemicals, colours, foods, medicines, glass etc. are also used in huge quantum.

2. 31CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

On the basis of certain criteria, the materials can be systematically classified. The following are the certain
criterion, on the basis of which the materials are classified:

1. Varna: set of physical properties and related aspects.

2. Linga: set of mechanical and metallurgical properties and related aspects.
3. Aayu: set of environmental aspects.
4. Avastha: set of application aspects.

31 Reference:Book: “Vastushastra— Ancient Indian Architecture and Civil Engineering” by Rahul Vishwas Altekar,
page no. 153.

28
 8.2.1 Classification of building materials according to the Varna:

Based on their spectroscopic nature, the materials can be classified as Bhramana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and
Shudra. Bhramana material is symbolized with white varna, Kshatriya with red, Vaishya with green and
Shudra with black. These schemes of colours exhibit a descending order of degree of light reflection.
White color emits all energy incident on it whereas black absorbs all without emitting a single particle
light. Thus, this classification helps in selecting right material for right application.

32 Table showing classification of material based on Varna

Class of Material Varna of Material

Brahmana Ksatriya Vaisya Sudra
Mining Materials Metals Pasana Prastara Sand (Mud)
Metals Gold Silver Copper Iron
Pasana Marble Kurunda Naram Kar
Prastara Sahabadi Bhopali Katani Sankhajire
Sand White Red Yellow Black
Table No. 2

8.2.2 Classification of building materials according to Linga (gender):

Materials can be of any three genders, viz., Masculine, Feminine and Neutral gender. In the material
classification, each of these genders has some specific traits, on the basis of which we classify the
materials.

Masculine: These materials must possess the following properties: (Eg. Iron, copper)

Crystal structured
High strength and toughness but less weight
Uniform and elastic
Malleable
High compressibility

Feminine: These materials must possess following properties: (Eg. Sudha, mud (mrd), gold, silver)

Fibrous and layered structure

Tapered

Book: Bhartiya Vastushastra— Parichaaya Pathkrama” by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan

32 Reference:
Manitvishwavidyalaya, page no. 46.

29
 Rigid and heavy
High tensile strength

Neuter: These materials possess following properties: (Eg. Lime powder, lead)

Fragile
No strength and toughness
Non-uniform and brittle

3. Classification 33 of building materials according to Aayu:

The whole life-cycle of the material consists of the following phases:

Balatva
Kaumarya
Yauvana
Vardhakaya
Nidhana

This classification helps us determine the value of environmental damages, if the materials are not used
with due considerations. It is recommended that Balatva and Nidhana phased materials should be avoided
for applications.

4. Classification of building materials according to Avastha:

This classification speaks on the status of the material at a given time for a particular domain of
applications. There are four status described below:

Prakrti: Natural or original state of material.

Samskrti: Processed and purified state of material

Sankrti : Blended and improved state of material.

Vikrti : Deteriorated and dead state of material.

33 Reference:Book: “Vastushastra— Ancient Indian Architecture and Civil Engineering” by Rahul VishwasAltekar,
page no. 154.

30
 34 Table showing examples of above mentioned state of materials

Material Prakrti Samskrti Sankrti Vikrti

Stone Just removed from Shaped Used with lime Distorted and
Mine and cleaned and sand to broken over a
construct wall period of time

Wood Broken tree Dried, de-scaled Joined with Broken,

cut into pieces metal Or other weakened or
of required wood, etc being eaten
shapes and sizes. by white
ants, etc.

.
Water Rain, lake, river Dams, reservoirs Mixed with lime Sewage state
etc. and sand

Table No. 3

If we observe the ancient structures then we can find that most of the structures were built up using the
wood or timbers. The timber is a natural building material which if used judicially then can benefit the
mankind for generations. The Vastu Shastra always recommends the methods of house planning and
construction which is in harmony with the nature. Unlike today’s construction practices, the Vastu Shastra
always maintained the balance with ecology and development. Each and every point mentioned in the
Vastu Shastra gives the message of environment conservation and helps human find a peaceful
environment for living. The Vastu Shastra not only recommends the use of wood or timber but also

34 Reference: Book “Vastushastra— Ancient Indian Architecture and Civil Engineering” by Rahul Vishwas Altekar, page
no. 156.

31
 defines the way trees should be cut down. This profound research done by the Sages clearly reflects that
even in that era they were concerned about the safety of environment and measured in well advance the
future living conditions and life style of humans. In Vastu Shastra treatises, a detailed study of cutting,
fabrication and disposal can be seen.

3. 35GUIDELINES FOR TREES CUTTING:

Select any auspicious day for wood cutting (using Panchang and Nakshtra), especially in uttarayana.
Performance of all rituals for the like santi, etc.
Marking of the trees for cutting.
Testing of the right trees for right application.
Tree cutting should be as per the recommendation like, for some trees, first the branch and then stem
should be cut. Whereas in some cases it should be vice versa.

Never uproot the tree by cutting another tree.

Never cut the tree from the root, but keep a distance of one hasta from the ground.
Never cut the tree without proper testing for hollowness, diseases, strength, age etc.

Maya recommends to avoid cutting the following types of trees:

Grown near temple premises, ghost houses, ant hills, crematory, lakes or walls.
Having been grown on the sides of the roads or in central place of the town.
In the residential areas.
Infested
Habitats for various birds and animals.
Affected from forest fire or lightings.
Twingled with other trees or creepers.
All nissara and asara trees.

35 Reference:Book: “Vastushastra— Ancient Indian Architecture and Civil Engineering” by Rahul Vishwas Altekar,
page no. 161.

32
 Chapter 9

LAND ACCORDING TO VASTU SHASTRA

1. INTRODUCTION

The land selection and its slope is the most important aspect in construction of dwellings. The land should
be fertile i.e. it should sustain life, should be free from bones, skeleton etc. and other such unexpected
metals.

Though all the Vastu principles are based on scientific reasons, some revealed and researched while
others are still a mystery. The scientific reason behind the sloping recommendations are based on the
area to structure exposed to the morning sunlight, the direction of wind and the temperature conditions
throughout the day.

2. 36LAND EXAMINATION THROUGH VASTU

When we plan to construct the land, the land testing plays very important role. The land testing should be
carried out in order to determine the possibility to civilize a village and to ascertain the required quality of
the land for building the structure. If the land is wrongly selected, it will create adverse effects on the
dwellers. The land should be tested in three ways:

1. Examinations (Visual/Oral, etc)

2. Measurements
3. Experimentations

9.2.1 Examinations: the very first examination is visual examination, then the odour, taste, sound and
temperature of land.

Parameter Remarks
Color Good: White, uniform
Medium: Red, yellow
Avoid: Black, blue
Smell Good: Sandal, curd, ghee, flower, camphor, gomutra

Book: Bhartiya Vastushastra— Parichaaya Pathkrama” by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan

36 Reference:

Manitvishwavidyalaya, page no. 45.

67
 Avoid: Blood, liquor, bad smell
Taste Good: Sweet
Medium: sour or spicy
Avoid: Salty or bitter

Sound Good: Like mrdanga

Temperature Good: cold in hot season and hot in cold season
Avoid: all the time cold or hot
Table No.: 4

9.2.2 Measurements 37 : in VS, the most of the parameters are classified in two heads: good (shubh) and
bad (ashubh). The various shapes of the land are being researched by the ancient sages and then on the
basis of their experience the sages have concluded following regarding the shape of the land:

Shape of Land Good Bad

Circular SPR, VKP TSY
Half circular SPR, VKP TSY
Triangular SPR, VKP, RMD TSY, MY
Pentagonal TSY
Octagonal TSY
Spiral TSY
Like the back of an elephant TSY
Having sharp corners at sub directions TSY
Rectangular, where Length >1.25width VKP TSY
Tortoise + fish back VKP TSY, MRS
Like thunderbolt or mradanga VKP MRS
Like the beak of the bird MRS
Vehicle Marked VKP
Arrow, fans, two faces, leaf, pot, Khadga VKP

Table No.: 5

Where, SPR: Silpaprakasa, VKP: Visvakarma Prakasa, TSY: Tantra Samuccaya, RMD: Rajamartanda,
MRS: Manasara

37 Reference:Book: “Vastushastra— Ancient Indian Architecture and Civil Engineering” by Rahul Vishwas Altekar,
page no. 110.

34
 9.2.3 Rectangular plots: these plots are considered auspicious in the ratio 1:2 with all corners measuring
90 degree. Length must face North and the breadth face West to reap rich benefits in terms of health,
wealth and prosperity

Length = 1 unit

Breadth = ½ unit

A rectangular plot shape, all angles 90 degree

9.2.4 Square plots: a square plot (all sides equal and corners 90 degree) is always an ideal plot for any
type of construction. This type of plot bestows good health, wealth and prosperity. This is scientifically
due to equal distribution of energies and stability consideration.

A square shaped plot with all

sides equal and all corners at

right angle

9.2.5 Gau-Mukhi plots: it is one which resembles with the face of a cow. It is narrow from the front area
and broad at the back. This type of plot is very auspicious for residential purpose and bestows good
health wealth and prosperity.

35
9.2.6 Sher-Mukhi plots: this is just opposite of Gau-mukhi plot. These are broad from front and narrow
at the back. This is not considered good for residential construction but can be used for commercial
purposes.

front

front

Gau-Mukhi Sher-Mukhi

9.2.7 Oval, Circular or Elliptical plots: the irregular shaped plots are not considered good for any kind
of construction. People living in such type of plots never flourish. Following table shows the suggestions
made by various doctrines, regarding the orientation of the slope of the land and its good or bad effects on
the dweller.

Sloping Towards Good Bad Remarks

East VDY, MRS, SR Brings prosperity,
Good for Brahmana
North VDY, MRS, SR Brings wealth,
Good for Kshatriya
West BRS, MRTD Destroys wealth,
Good for Vaisya
South BRS, MRTD Brings death,
Good for Sudra
East and north-west VDY
North and north-west
North-east and west
West and south-east VDY
South and south-east
South and south-west
East and south-west
West and north-west
Table No.: 6

Where,

36
 VDY: Vastuvidya

MRS: Manasara

SR: Silparatna

BRS: Brhat-Samhita

MRTD: Muhurtamartanda

Vaze (1928) and Kulkarni (1995) both support the above mentioned views of land measurement test on
basis of contemporary science. It can be proved that the sloping directions can determine:

The degree of heating of land in summer and hence, the wind direction and its effects.
Direction of flow of sewage water in monsoon and, hence, the best way of land orientation in a
particular region.
The sloping in east direction is advisable as the morning pure rays of sun will enter the house easily
and will create an optimistic atmosphere. Moreover if the slope is given towards the south then the
most troubling heat radiations will enter the house which will affect the dwellers and also create
health issues.

3.Experimentations: Basically five different types of experiments are suggested in VS treatises to

analyse all the properties of the selected land. These tests are as follows:

1. The land is dug in form of a cube, generally 1 meter wide and 1 meter in depth. Then fill the land
area with water and then sthapati should walk 100 ft and come back to see the results.

Results:

Water level is same: Best Land

Water decreased up to some limit: Medium quality land , (SR, ISGP, HP, SD, RV and SS
specifies the limit = 1 yava; AP suggests limit for medium quality land is from ¼ of depth up to
the ½ of the depth)
Level decreased beyond the limit: Avoid such lands

This method of testing is described in different way in MS. It suggests filling the pit with water in the
evening and checking the results in the morning. If some water is seen, then the land is of good quality.
Otherwise one should avoid such land.

37
Where, SR= Silparatna, ISGP= Isanasivagurudevapaddhati , HP= Hayasirsa Gryasutra, SD=
Silpadipaka, RV= Rajavallabha/Vasturajvallabh, BRS= Brhat-Samhita and SS= Samarangana Suradhara

2.A pit measuring 1 hasta as its depth, width and length is dug on the selected area of the land which is to
be tested. Then the pit is again filled with earth, which was removed from it. Then the following judgements
can be made:

Results:
After filling the soil remain in excess: Best land
Filling will just suffice and no soil will remain: Medium qualityland
Insufficient to fill completely: Avoid such land

9.3.2 In this test, a particular type of seed is sown. If within three nights it sprouts, then the land is
considered as the best. If it sprouts within five nights, then the land is regarded as of medium
quality. If it takes more time to sprout then such land should be avoided. This test is mentioned in
VKVS.

9.3.3 AP has suggested one more test. It includes digging a cube of side 1 metre and if filled with water.
Then an arrow is hit towards the hole. The judgement can be made as follows:

Results:

Arrow totally penetrates the land: Bestland

Arrow measuring up to 1 angula exposed above the land: Medium quality land
Arrow measuring between 1 angula to 2 angula exposed above the land: Third grade
land

9.3.4 In this test, niranjana is inserted in the hole and the results are as follows:

Results Inferences Supportive Doctrine

Light is on Good land BRS, HP, SS, SR, MP

38
 Flame is in the upward directio Auspicious for all SPR
Flame turns to north Owner receives fame and SPR
Success
Flame turns to south and Auspicious SPR
Appears golden
Flame moves in all directions a Inauspicious and to be avoided SPR
Is not stationary
Flame turns pale or black and Inauspicious and to be avoided SPR
smoke comes out

Table No.: 7

Where SPR= Silpaprakasa, BRS= Brhat-Samhita, HP= Hayasirsa Grhyasutra, SS= Samarangana
Sutradhara, SR= Silparatna, MP= Matsya Purana

9.4 Salya Vicara38 (defects in land based on bones buried inside the land):

This concept was used to determine the history and current utility of land. According to this method, the
land is to be drilled to a predetermined level and based on the objects found during digging, proper
decisions and inferences should be drawn. But to locate the salya (bone) beneath the land is not an easy
task and could be more time consuming id the land area is large. Our Sages prescribed few guidelines for
doing the same. They described one random method to locate the salya (bone) in the land.

9.4.1 Methods finding the probable location and type of Salya:

9.4.1.1 It suggests, yajamana should perform proper rituals early morning and then, visit the land that is
to be inspected for salya. Based on the first consonant of the first word uttered by him, the
position of the salya should be determined on that land.

38Salya is reffered to as bone in Sanskrit, and Vicra is referred to as defect. When land is tested it has to be pure and
must radiate all positive energies. Bones are not considered a good sign as there must be some livig being killed or
buried.

39
 Following table may help in determining the probable location of the salya in the land:

Class of Location of Position of the Type of Salya Effects

consonant Probable Salya from the
salya Earth surface

V East 1½ hasta Human bones Death

D South-East 2 hasta Donkey bone Legal problems
and worries
Pk South Up to waist level Human bone Diseases and death
V South-west 1½ hasta Dog’s bone Child death
Rk West 1½ hasta Child bone Owner of the home
Will never be able
to stay at home. He
will always be
on tour.
Ik North-west 4 hasta Hairs and powdered Losses of friends and
Charcoal Well-wishers and night
mare dreams.
; North Up to waist level Brahmana’s bone Poverty
’k North-east 1½ hasta Cow Loss of animals
g i; Central Up to chest Forehead of human, Destruction of the whol
Hair, ash, iron generation.
Table No.: 8

9.4.1.2 VRL suggests the process of finding salya as follows:

Sthapati asks the hosts a few questions according to their caste, like:

Brahmana: Which is your favourite flower?

Kshatriya: Which is your favourite river?

Vaisya: Which is your favourite deity?

Sudra: Which is your favourite fruit?

Then depending upon the first consonant of the answer and using following table, a probable salya is
determined:

40
9.5 CONCLUSION

It is quite obvious from the type of tests mentioned in VS, that these tests are based on scientific analysis of land
and not just based on mythology. Based on the scientific principles, these tests can be used to determine the land
fitness for construction. The scientific soil testing too includes testing the various parameters of soil which affects
its ultimate bearing capacity. These tests indicate some scientific soil testing parameters like “Liquid limit of soil”
this helps determine the shear strength of soil and ultimately the safe bearing capacity of soil. Few test which are
based on water absorption, indicate scientific parameters like “Natural Moisture content of soil” and “Natural
Dry Density of soil” which again helps in choosing suitable foundation for construction. Moreover these ancient
soil testing methods also gives results on the basis of today’s scientific parameters like “Plastic limit of soil”,
“Hardness of soil” and “Soil’s Permeability”. The fertility of the land is one such important consideration which
Sages mentioned. VS recommends a fertile land for the construction of dwellings, this indicates that one must live
on a land which sustains life. In practical life too we have several examples of civilizations being established near
the river banks, i.e. on fertile soil. One cannot sustain on infertile land, as there will not be any availability of water
on that land and the temperature of the land will be very high which will trouble the inhabitants living there. These
tests in some or the other way also indicate the availability of natural wind and the effects of sunrays which are now
scientifically proved.

41
 Chapter 10

VASTU AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

1. INTRODUCTION
The Vastu Shastra principles undoubtedly promotes the energy conservation. The dwellings which are
planned using the Vastu guidelines are never a normal shelter but indeed a home having all positivity,
peace and prosperity. Such homes utilize the maximum natural energy like solar, wind and water. The
Vastu Shastra recommends a proper orientation on the plot and the home. This orientation is based on the
movement of the sun in a day. If we orient the rooms and areas of the home according to sun’s
movement, then we can obtain the maximum benefits out of it. In day time we don’t need lights and fans
in the house as the sun will provide the light throughout the day and the wind will keep on circulating
taking away the warm air outside the house. This benefit can be obtained if we design the home’s door,
windows and ventilators according to Vastu Shastra guidelines. The Vastu Shastra mentions all the
dimensions of the doors and windows to be used in a home for ideal lifestyle. In other words we can call
Vastu Shastra based homes as eco-friendly or green homes.

2. DOORS AND WINDOWS

In Vastu Shastra, the doors and window positions are very important as they let in air and light energy
inside the house. If their position and orientation is correct then it will allow positive flow of air, light
and energy from the outside to the inside and from room to room. This circulation of fresh air inside the
house helps in maintaining the health and peace of the house. If the doors and windows are such that
through natural flow the fresh air is not taken in and the stale air not given out then the room will be filled
with stale and warm air and there will be suffocation and the peace of house will not be maintained. The
door and windows are such elements which cannot be rectified once placed so their planning in advance
is necessary to ensure healthy atmosphere in the home and also the proper inlet of
light energy throughout the day. Vastu Shastra give the following guidelines for doors:

10.2.1 DOORS ACCORDING TO VASTU SHASTRA:

Our ancient Sages of Vastu Shastra have recommended the even number of doors in the house.
The doors in all four directions can be given in Temples, Yagyamandap, Seminar hall, jain Temple,
etc.

If one wants to keep only one main door then this door should be best placed in East.

42
 Two door should never be placed opposite to each other in North-South direction and in East-West
direction.

According to Vastu Shastra, the width of door should be greater than or equal to the height of door.
So according to this rule, the door’s perfect shape is square.
Except in the case of Temples, the doors should never be placed in the mid of the wall and no door
should be placed above the door or even opposite to door already placed.
On the basis of Vastu Chakra, we can place the door on any one of the recommended sides of the
house facing the road. This is applicable to those homes which have more than one road around their
plot.
In structures made for commercial use, business, or public or govt. Use the doors should be placed
only according to Vastu chakra.
If in front of the door of the home Main roads, Temple, tree, well, any home’s corner or any column
is placed then it brings misfortune to the inmates. But if their distance from the door is more than
twice the height of the home then it is ok.

The main door should always be placed on plain surface and neither at cutting or filling.

The above mentioned principles are based on some scientific reasons. Like the doors should not be placed
in opposite direction i.e. N-S and E-W. This is so as to let air circulate in every room of the house and not
just flows in one direction making it difficult to work in that place due to wind. If main road is passing by
in the front of the door then this will invite noise pollution in the house and the inhabitants will not be
able to rest in peace.

The placement of windows can be decided on the basis of lucky and unlucky energy positions. The Vastu
Shastra in 81 foot Vastu (ikyasi pad vastu) helps finding us the positions where lucky and unlucky energy
influences. In 81 foot Vastu, at houses where Ish, Agni, Surya, Som and Bhrama resides, those houses
absorbs the positive and lucky energy. In these houses if sun rays falls, then it makes the life of inhabitants
energetic and active. While, the houses where Yam, Pitra, Dwarpal, Asur, Pap and Rog resides, such
houses a reflects negative and unlucky energy when comes in contact with sunlight. If these houses comes
in contact with sunlight then the negative energy will be increased and the inhabitants will not be able to
rest in peace. Therefore it is recommended in Vastu Shastra that these houses should be covered and not
exposed to sunlight. In these houses of a plot, it is recommended not to construct any living place but
instead should plant trees or construct a store room. For store room Pirta and Dwarpal houses are much
better.

43
 39

Fig. Showing Vastu Chakra

Now according to the Vastu Chakra, we can easily guess that in which room we must allow the sunlight
and where not to allow. So the placement and planning of windows can be done using Vastu Chakra. In
the Houses of Ish, Agni, Surya, Som and Bhrama, the windows should be placed in order to invite
positivity in the house. While in the Houses of Yam, Pitra, Dwarpal, Asur, Pap and Rog, the windows
should be avoided and the best way is not to utilize these places for construction of rooms. Understanding
the principles of Vastu Chakra, the planning of doors, windows, ventilators, veranda can be decided.
Mostly windows should be planned in North and East direction of the house. Windows should be best
avoided in West and South direction of the house, except these two directions, the

39 Source:

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=vastu+purush&biw=1093&bih=506&tbm=isch&imgil=m2g2d5IhjR6zIM%253A%253Bz94rm4gB
Q4AuxM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.astrogle.com%25252Fvaastu%25252Fvastu-purush-energy-pattern-saving-
rules.html&source=iu&pf=m&fir=m2g2d5IhjR6zIM%253A%252Cz94rm4gBQ4AuxM%252C_&usg= MXr8oHTjRYJTSmNIMSsUe9bd
yJg%3D

44
windows can be placed anywhere but preferably in East and North. The lintel and plinth level of all the
rooms should be same throughout the house. Tough the main door’s height can be more than other doors.
This brings uniformity in house and also ensures safety of structure by equal stress distribution.

This very principle of Vastu Shastra helps in environment conservation. If we construct rooms in complete
plot area then, there will not be any space left for trees and garden. By leaving such houses open and
unused for living, the garden can be planned which helps maintain the greenery and beauty of the house
and also helps circulating fresh air in the house. Vastu also recommends the plantation of certain trees and
plants where negative energy is prominent. The plantation of Tulsi, Neem, Gular, etc helps in generating
positive energies and hence rectifies the Vastu Dosh in any house. But in no case sanitary facility should
be provided in Ishan (N-E) corner of the house and water related things in Aagnaye (S-E) corner of the
house. This is so in order to balance the energies and to get the maximum benefit of nature. If wash rooms
and let-bath are provided in Ishan (N-E) then it will pollute the whole house, as the early morning sun rays
will in no case be able to enter the house which is most important for any house. The energy of the
morning sun will not be utilized and the house will remain dull due to hindrance of all the positivity of the
morning sun. Likewise if we place water at the place of fire i.e. in S-E corner of the house then the water
which ought to remain cold and fresh will start heating up due to infra red rays of sun and this will
increase the temperature of water and comparatively less oxygen will be dissolved in water making it stale
in less time. The concepts of vastu are purely based on science and every principle and recommendation
given in Vastu Shastra is based on scientific reasons. Some reasons I tried to find and some are still puzzle
for me and researchers.

10.3 BORING, WELLS AND GROUNDWATER TANK:

In every home it is important to store sufficient amount of water, not just for drinking and domestic use
but also for cleaning the home, gardening etc. It is advised to arrange the safe drinking and usable water in
advance before starting the construction of home. Vastu Shastra recommends few points regarding the
placement of these water storage. For this purpose well (generally in rural areas), boring or municipal
water supply can be used and to store the water driven by these sources a water storage tank can be
constructed or kept. The Muhurta Chintamani and Brihadvastumala books mentions the various results of
placement of water tank at different positions. It is mentioned in it:

If the tank is placed in middle of the plot then it will result in economical loss.
If the tank is placed in Ishan (N-E) then it will be cherishing or thriving strength.

45
If the tank is placed in East then it will give prosperity.
If tank is placed in Agnaye (S-E) then it may result in loss of son.
If the tank is placed in South then it may result in loss of wife.
If the tank is placed in Nayritya (S-W) then it may result in death of the house owner.
If the tank is placed in West then it will result in increase of wealth.
If the tank is placed in Vavya (N-W) then it may result in harm through enemy.
If the tank is placed in East then it will result in peace and happiness of the house.

46
 Chapter 11

CONCLUSION

The Vastu Shastra principles are not just mythological but also based on the various scientific reasons
which affect the planning and construction of various structures like homes, offices, dwellings, etc.
Through thorough study profound analysis only one can find the scientific reasons behind each and every
aspect and principle of VS. Here, I have tried to find few of the scientific reasons behind the VS
recommendations relating to Orientation, slope of land, building materials, placement of doors and
windows, shape of plot, walls, hygienic sanitation, bacteria free cooking and in total, the relation between
VS and the environment protection/conservation. Hence, the following points can be concluded:

11.1 ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION/PROTECTION AND VASTU SHASTRA

Vastu Shastra is undoubtedly a brilliant research work done by India’s great and brilliant Sages who
observed the life and life driving forces very keenly and on the basis of their observation, experience and
knowledge they compiled the information in different forms and in various books of Indian and
particularly Hindu Literature. In Vastu Shastra, emphasis has been given on the Natural Laws of Living.
The VS principles holds true even today and by deep analysis and little efforts we can find the scientific
reasons behind every principle mentioned in VS. The VS has a profound relationship with environment
and this can be inferred from the following points:

11.1.1 ORIENTATION PRINCIPLES: If home is well-oriented according to the VS then ample amount
of breeze and sunlight can be utilized. These natural resources can be efficiently utilized to run the
solar equipments like solar cooker, solar geezer, solar panels for running fans, lighting bulbs and
lamps and also for charging solar batteries etc. Regular use of such eco-friendly energy will help
saving a lot of electricity and ultimately will help in carbon reduction in atmosphere. Not just energy
is conserved but also the dwellers can enjoy their minimum electricity bills. We can design the
structures in such a way that they receive sufficient sunlight and natural breeze and not required to
run the fan or switch on the light, at least, during the daytime. It could lead to energy conservation
and corresponding environmental benefits. Moreover, through natural ventilation and circulation of
air the inhabitants can feel mentally relaxed and with some indoor and outdoor plants and multi-
level gardening, each floor of building can be benefited with fresh air which will

47
 help increase the mental and physical strength of workers or inhabitants. The aesthetic beauty of the
structure will also be enhanced.
2. CONSERVATION OF WATER: India is probably the only country where inanimate forms of
objects are also personified as someone processing life, and thus we see the religious attachment that
the Hindus have with things like earth, fire, air, water, wind etc. The clean and flowing water body
is given the status of a deity. This indicates how much respect we owe to our natural resources and
this psychologically affects the attitude of people while using water. We pray to the
water deity, we use the water in our holy rituals and no puja is completed without water. Similarly
no purification of either Man or object is possible without water. VS lead us to the approach of
conservation of water that is highly holy and precious. The situation of availability of usable water
has been worsened in past few decades. Scientists at the International Conference on
“Management of Natural Resources for Self-sufficient Agriculture, 1999”, reported that India may
get enlisted in the non-water countries by 2025, if proper measurements are not taken today. This
report was based on data collected which is as follows: In 1955, the water availability per head
was 5300 cubic meters. It got reduced to 2200 cubic meters by 1999. With the same rate, it
further will go down to 1500 cubic meters by 2025. The report also highlighted the major reasons
for this degradation of water, which includes improper irrigation, improper storage facilities, and
water pollution. Proper planning and immediate actions are required to address this issue
effectively.
VS gives some guidelines and ideas which can help in water conservation. VS recommends the use
of various types of pots and buckets, where the water can be stored and not wasted. The concept of
tap was not prevalent during those periods which helped in conservation of water. This is the reason
why we found water stored in the huge pots or containers that were specially designed to serve the
purpose of water storage. The person wanting to make use of water had to physically remove the
water from the container, thereby reducing the waste. In the present scenario, we can educate people
on these aspects of water conservations and even further reduce the environmental damages caused
by various plumbing materials.
3. CULTIVATION OF GARDENS AND TREES: These days the construction of high rise
buildings and compact design flats, houses and row houses are very common. We seldom see
construction of gardens and places to relax. The increasing number of buildings results in lesser
and lesser space inside the house, restricting the availability of fresh air. Thus, in order to improve
the quality of environment we need to plant trees and plan gardens so that people may find place to
relax and children too can play in fresh atmosphere. We can use VS concepts to create Puskarinis,
gardens with beautiful fountains, wells etc. in and around the housing colonies.

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4. USE OF NATURAL BUILDING MATERIALS: In ancient periods natural materials like cow
dung, grass, tree leaves, stones, mud, lime etc. were used for construction purposes. These materials
never polluted the environment and indeed performed much better in terms of thermal insulation,
acoustics, ventilation and strength. Stones are considered as best material for construction and we
can see the very old temples standing still erect even after so many decades of weathering effect and
natural hazards. This clearly proves that structures based on VS principles and constructed with
naturally occurring materials like stones, prove to be life sustaining and most efficient structures.
Man made materials used for construction, are known to cause pollution. To process the man made
materials huge plants are installed, lot of energy is required, carbon is released in atmosphere and a
lot of non-biodegradable waste is generated which ultimately makes the earth an dumping yard.
Cement is known to be one of the prominent and contemporary material used by construction
industries. It is extremely polluting. People living and working near te cement manufacturing plant
are most affected. Being in powdered form, cement is susceptible to get mixed with air and in turn
gets inhaled by people. The coarse form of cement gets mixed with the air as the particulate matter,
which causes respiratory infections. These industries release their waste water and by-products in the
nearby water bodies, thereby causing water pollution. Air. Land and noise pollution is also caused
due to such industries. Paint manufacturing industries are too highly polluting. Cement Replacement
products, which are made up of coal ash claims to have less polluting effects compared with cement.
In this regard, Korten (1996), the founder President of “the people Centered Development
Forum”, USA said, “Economic Globalization leads to violence, extreme competitiveness and
greed, and environmental degradation. This ultimately results in dysfunctional societies. To
change the above, we need Ecological Revolution comparable to Copernican revolution.” We
are ignoring our traditions of wisdom, where environment friendly materials were used. Today we
need to think the proper use of naturl materials, prescribes by VS in reducing the use of man-made
materials, consequently reducing the environmental problems and improving the health.
5. PLUMBING, DRAINAGE AND WASTE DISPOSAL: VS advocates a systematically planned
drainage layout. Plumbing the drain was considered as one of the important aspects in town
planning. Silpis were aware of reducing the degradation of the surroundings through following
necessary waste disposal. Today we are facing many sanitation related problems, waste disposal
management, waste and soil water piping, problems of plumbing, drainage issues and spread of few
very dangerous pathogenic water born bacteria which create health related issues. Modern
architectural design somewhat leads to the insufficient space allocation for the WC’s and bathrooms.
The lack of space available for overall construction has resulted into such matchbox sized toilets and
bathrooms in modern dwellings, especially in flat types. The percentage of space

49
 for bathrooms is insufficient and causes a lot of hindrance to the users in terms of personal space
and hand movements. It also restricts the outward movement of the foul air. The foul air remains in
the atmosphere for a longer period, causing harmful effects and health. Another important planning
consideration is separation of kitchen from the WC’s and bathrooms. But in modern planning to
ease the sewer installation the Kitchen is planned near the bathroom which creates problem for the
person working in the kitchen. Person working in the kitchen has to suffer from the foul odour but
also has to tolerate the bacterial infestations on the food particles. The worst polluting design is one
in which the only way to toilets passes through kitchen itself. Very few planners realise that saving
of space has been done at the cost of the health of the dwellers. Such unhygienic practice is totally
condemned by VS and that is why we find most of VS treatise demoted the practice of housing the
facilities of toilets and bathrooms inside within the home itself, especially near the kitchen. Hence
following the principles of VS we can plan our dwellings in such a way that our environment
remains healthy and pollution free, giving us and neighbours a better place to live in.
6. CONSIDERATION TO THE LIFE-STAGE OF WOOD: The VS classifies the material based
on their life stages into four major categories, viz. Balatva, kaumarya, yauvana and vardhyaka.
When we talk about woods, the first stage of wood is similar to the life of child, wherein the tree
has yet not reached maturation and is still in the very soft and supple stage. According to VS, next
stage is comparable to the youth or adolescent stage. This is followed by the adult and, then the
old age of the trees. Very naturally thus it is recommended that one should never cut the trees, which
are in the childhood and the old age. This is scientifically justified too. As by following the
recommendations given by VS, we will reduce the waste in terms of non-useful tree cutting, thereby
improving the environment. This learning and knowledge provided in VS can be utilized by the
furniture manufacturer, woodcrafters, people in construction industry and even those authorities
concerned with formulation of the legal framework.
7. MEDICINAL PLANTATION: Our ancient science (VS, AVD etc.) teaches us to plant the herbs
and plants which possess mind blowing properties to cure and protect ourselves from the adverse
weather and environment conditions. Such plantation also improve the health of environment and
checks pollution as well. If planted in a correct and well-planned manner, these medicinal herbs and
trees can serve a garden or a recreational area and, at the same time, treat the people as remedial
places. In fact AVD strongly recommends such cultivations and VS supports it. Vannucci (1994)
commented: Contemporary ecological term, “everything is related to everything else”, is observed as
“one is that which manifest on all” in Vedas. People had recognized the powers of nature and are
unable to control and have been compelled to resort to magic and religion to win the cooperation
of winds, rains, regularity of monsoon and astronomical

50
 recurrences. Many rites and rituals derive directly from the observations of natural phenomena and
cycles. Nature is sacred because man depends entirely on it, because of this everything sanctified,
including man and the terrifying aspects of nature itself such as glaciers, storms, etc. have to be
taken as they are. The basic tendency to look environment as God helped in developing their
lifestyles as well as spiritual advancements. Large scale degradation of nature by over-exploitation
was automatically avoided. Irrigation, forestry practices, animal husbandry as well as agriculture
helped heal the environment and make it a better place to live.
11.1.8 LESS NEW CONSTRUCTION: VS restricts the construction of new homes as the dwellers do not
feel any need of buying and selling the pre-owned structures. VS promotes the view of making
changes or expanding the existing homes rather than constructing new ones. A considerable
amount of the waste is generated during demolishing of old structures. Not just the area and
surrounding environment is polluted, but also considerable amount of energy and resources is
consumed therefore degrading the environment. If the planning aspect is given prime focus then a
lot of aspects could be included in the structure which can increase its-in use efficiency and makes it
a most suitable structure to be used for particular purposes. With little research, the cities too can be
planned using VS principles and maximum benefit of natural resources can be drawn. Such cities
will undoubtedly check the pollution and will also be effective in providing better drainage and
sanitation facilities. Such cities will be having sufficient greenery, the resting places will be provided
and due to proper drainage and sanitation, citizens will be able to move with ease even during
extreme weather conditions like heavy rainfall. The roads and streets will be surrounded by trees
which will protect citizens from extreme temperature conditions and will block the harmful hot
winds blowing during summers.

51
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I am highly thankful to the authors and publishers of the following books which
helped me gain required knowledge, understand concepts of Vastu and broadened my
my way of thinking.

1. Mittal, Dr. Deepawali: Vanaspathi Vigyan Evam Bhartiya Jyotishshastra, ISBN No. 978-81-

9097958-5-2.

2. Pathak, Prof. R.C.: Bhargava’s Standard Illustrated Disctionary Hindi-English, Fifth revised

and Enlarged Edition.

3. Shastri, Dr. Shankar Lal: Sanskrit Vangmaya Me Paryavaran, Edition 2003.

4. Arundhati, Dr. (Smt.) P.: Vastu Vidya in Manasollasa, ISBN No. 81-901708-1-3

5. Joshi, Motilal: Sanskrit Vangmaya Me Paryavaran Chetna, Edition: First, 2001.

6. Mishra, Dr. Nidhi: Ayurveda Me Paryavaran Evam Samaj, ISBN No. 978-81-7054-522-4.

7. Altekar, Rahul Vishwas, Vastusastra— Ancient Indian Architecture and Civil Engineering,

ISBN No. 81-246-0246-8

8. Bhartiya Vastushastra Parichaya Pathyakram; Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan
Manitvishwavidyalaya, New Delhi 110058, ISBN No. 81-86111-47-6.

9. Pegrum, Juliet: Vastu Vidya— the Indian art of placement, ISBN No. 81-7822-047-4.

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