They’re clauses that express the idea that the action in the MAIN

CLAUSE ( the result clause) can only happen when a certain

condition ( stated in the IF-CLAUSE) is fulfilled.
structure

 There are three conditional types:

CONDITIONALS = if-clause,  Type 0: TRUE CONDITIONALS
,  Type 1: REAL CONDITIONALS
 Type 2: UNREAL CONDITIONALS
CONDITION RESULT  Type 3: IMPOSSIBLE CONDITIONALS

 A comma separates the two clauses only if the IF-

clause goes first in the sentence.

EXAMPLES
If I have enough money , I will go to the USA

I will go to the USA If I have enough money

 TYPE 0 - ZERO
IF+PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE

If it snows, the ground is slippery

• USE: to describe facts and general knowledge, laws of nature and also habits
• If you water a cactus every day, it dies in a short time.

• You get purple, if you mix red and blue.

• If I finish school early, I go to my granma’s for lunch

• If my head aches, I always take an aspirin.

• Ice melts if it is heated

 TYPE 1
The First Conditional is used MAINLY to talk about things
which are possible or likely to happen in the present or
the future; to give instructions or to express modality

IF CLAUSE ( REAL CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE ( RESULT)

PRESENT SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE

If it snows a lot tonight, They will call off school tomorrow

PRESENT SIMPLE MODAL VERB

If you have a dog You must take care of it

PRESENT SIMPLE IMPERATIVE

Sometimes, it is also possible to use
continuous tenses in the if clause.
If it rains Don’t open the windows
If he is watching TV, tell him to switch it
off
 TYPE 2
The SECOND Conditional expresses situations that are untrue, not
possible or imaginary in the present and probably will not happen
in the future

IF CLAUSE ( UNREAL MAIN CLAUSE ( RESULT)

CONDITION)
PAST SIMPLE CONDITIONAL

If a hurricane hit the town, It would destroy everything

PAST SIMPLE COULD

If he had the time He could go to the gym

PAST SIMPLE MIGHT

If he joined a travel club He might not be so lonely

 TYPE 3
The THIRD Conditional expresses PAST situations that DID NOT
HAPPEN. Therefore, it is IMPOSSIBLE for the RESULTS of those situations
to HAPPEN. They are sometimes used to express a regret about a
certain situation

IF CLAUSE ( UNREAL PAST MAIN CLAUSE ( RESULT)

CONDITION)
PAST PERFECT PERFECT CONDITIONAL

If you had arrived on time, We wouldn’t have missed the plane

PAST PERFECT COULD HAVE +PAST PART.

If I had sent my application form on time I could have got a place in that university

PAST PERFECT MIGHT HAVE+PAST PART.

If we had bought our ticket in spring We might not have paid so much for it.
Mixed conditionals
Those are conditional clauses that have a condition
in one time and a result in a different time

IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

PAST SIMPLE PERFECT CONDITIONAL

If we lived in the 18th century , Our parents would have arranged our
marriage

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE CONDITIONAL

If you had watched the news last night You would know what happened