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SUSTAINABILITY
Swachh Bharat Torch Bearers Conference, Visakhapatnam
Nov 10, 2017
1. Background
Agenda 2. ODF Sustainability today
3. Strategy
BACKGROUND
Only 9% of
9% 13% 2603 NGP
awardees ODF
0-40% usage
Learnings 41-80% usage
from NBA 29% 81-99% usage
ODF
49%
423
districts
ODF-S is
now!
227
ODF Oct 2017
districts
Sustainability .
since 2014 .
.
Protocol for operationalizing ODF – sustainability?
BACKGROUND
Need retrofitting:
20. 6 lakh single pits in 2017-18 (against how many)
7.3 lakh septic tanks in 2017-18
Urgency for
ODF-S Need to move to IHHLs:
Protocol 5.9 lakh HHs access shared toilets since 2014
Need to empty/service:
~ 58 lakh IHHLs are 3 years old, under SBM(G)
BACKGROUND
Managerial:
52,004* (against how many) ODF villages are due
for first verification
A. Sanitation
Infrastructure Action items:
A2. O&M • O&M protocol for public, community and institutional toilets with
responsibility mapping – incl Water and Electricity
• Procure technology-driven pit emptying equipment, eg: gulper,
to be rented/borrowed by households when needed
• Protocol for pit emptying by household/agency Vendor
empanelment at district level
Strategy
Providing environment for households to improve their
infrastructure and aspire
A. Sanitation
Infrastructure
A3. Upgrades
Action items:
B. Management
Action items:
B1. IEC • Focus on Child Excreta Management
• Demystification about use of manure & pit emptying in the form of
training, demonstrations and field trials on farms
• Identifying private service vendors for FSM
• KRC/NGO mapping for IEC, calendar for each GP
• Inform on correct cleaning material for pit toilets, method of
cleaning and emptying
Strategy
Focusing on creating a village level resource team for
monitoring, technology correction, entrepreneurship for
service provision
B. Management
Action items:
B4. Monitoring
• Continued follow up by Nigrani Samitis and Swachhagrahis
• FSM vendor empanelment; Regulatory mechanism for sludge
emptying by FSM service providers
• Provision for septage treatment after desludging
• Tracking conversion of single to twin, soak pits, etc
• Social Audit
Strategy
Focusing on institutional capacities required to sustain
ODF outcomes at GP, block, district and State level
B. Management
Action items:
B5. Human
Resources • Creating dedicated Block and Village sanitary inspector roles
• Convergence with other depts. for monitoring ODF-S activities and
pay increment
• ODF-S as part of ACR for functionaries at all levels
• Private Sector engagement for employment, CSR,
entrepreneurship
Strategy Leveraging strengths of other schemes and departments
through convergence and engagement
• KRCs: for third party verification, creating of training modules, trainings
• Private sector for entrepreneurship and generating employment, eg:
scrap dealers, engg colleges, rural marts
• NRLM: Providing replacement supplies, toilet repairs, and pit-emptying
B. Management services
• SIRDs, NIRDs for green campus initiative
B5. Partnerships • Dept of Agriculture: Creating market for compost, leveraging support
from agriculture and fertilizer companies
Action items:
ODF-S Technology • Village level assessment for conversion of single pits, etc
deliverable at
GP level • Quarterly awareness programme to households on correct pit
IEC/IPC
emptying/servicing
Pipe connecting toilet pan and pit has a bend; connecting pipes
must be straight, have the required gradient and have no bends; use
of bends makes flushing harder, requires more water and leads to
malfunctioning of the toilet
Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar
Spot what’s
wrong
Excessive spacing; spaces in the pit are provided for easy passage
of gases and water; excessive holes allow fecal matter to leach as
well; holes should be in alternative layers with number of holes per
layer - 6 to 8; individual hole should be 2 inches wide
Photo Credit: Shrikant M. Navrekar
Spot what’s
wrong
Single pit; there is no scope for change over to another pit when full;
once full people tend to stop using the toilet and start defecating in
the open
Vent pipe from pit; vent pipe allows passage of gases; in twin pit,
gases pass into soil and so no need for a vent; vent pipe will make
surrounding smell and if not covered will attract flies into the pit.
Credit: Water.org
Enabling policy landscape and progress
In 2015, RBI declared household water and sanitation infrastructure as a
category under priority sector (PSL) for banks and RRBs under a new
category ‘social infrastructure’; Toilet construction included as a category
for which SHGs linked to the NRLM/SRLMs can avail loans
1% of current PSL portfolio of banks can release around Rs. 25,000 to Rs.
30,000 crores – around 1.7 crore toilets; 1% of PSL portfolio of RRBs can
release Rs. 1,175 crores of credit – around 8 lakh toilets
Over 12 lakh loans (Rs. 1700 crores) have already been extended, by
banks directly or with the help of last mile partners. These include
SHGs/State Rural Livelihood Missions (SRLMs), Microfinance Institutions
(MFIs) and Banks.
Credit: Water.org
Products and loan terms
Toilets – new and Water filters, Rain Home pipe water MSMEs,
refurbishing Water Harvesting connections, Entrepreneurs,
with/without bath system storage tanks Marts
On-lending
MFI Household
Bulk loans
(large ticket sizes; for on-lending to final beneficiary) Entrepreneur/
SMEs/Marts
Banks
Existing SHG/ On-lending SHG/ JLG
and RRBs
JLG group Member
Beneficiary
Individual loans
(directly or through
(small ticket sizes of Rs. 15,000 – Rs. 20,000 per borrower)
SRLMs, payment
banks, BCs, small
finance banks)
Credit: Water.org
Prime Opportunity: Lending through SHGs
• Distinct loan product under PSL guidelines for Water and Sanitation
• Recommended that Banks lend towards water and sanitation through SHG linkage – easy
to implement and scale
• Can be extended as second-cycle loans, after a first cycle of income generating loans
• Can be advanced as a combo loan along with income-generation loans, as they are
income-enhancing
• Potential partners: SHG federations, SHG apex organizations, SRLMs
SRLM/SHG
federation/SHPI
recommends SHGs to
banks
SHGs may add
Lend to 2-3% markup for
Banks/RRBs SHGs group structure Members
and insurance
Bank lends money to the
SHGs at 10-12% p.a.
and lend at 15-
18% p.a.