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Sociocultural Theory
by
Lev Vygotsky
Prepared by:
Asma Qassim Al-Jawarneh
P-QM0003/10
Lecturer:
Dr. Balakrishnan Muniandy
Constructivism
Is an approach to teaching and learning based on the
premise that cognition is the result of "mental
construction". In other words, students learn by fitting new
information together with what they already know.
Zone of
Proximal
Development
Theory’s Principles and Concepts
ZPD
ZPD
actual
knowledge actual
There is one game, however, that Mo’men has never learned. It’s
the card game Yu-Gi-Oh. Mo’men knows his brother plays it very
well.
Mo’men would like to learn, but is unsure where to start.
This is an example of how ZPD can work in the life
of a child
Mo’men finally asks his brother Ali for help. Ali agrees, and
begins working with Mo’men in learning the game of Yu-Gi-
Oh.
Mo’men is learning in the region Vygotsky would call ZPD.
This is an example of how ZPD can work in the life
of a child
Once Mo’men learns Yu-Gi-Oh, the skill moves out of the ZPD region
and is added to all the other games Mo’men plays independently.
In time, Mo’men becomes the more capable player, and begins to teach
his sister .
Theory’s Principles and Concepts
Scaffolding
“role of teachers and others in supporting the learner’s
development and providing support structures to get to the
next stage or level” Vygotsky.
Example :
An example of scaffolding in the classroom setting could
include a teacher first instructing her children on how to write
a sentence using commas and conjunctions. As the week
goes on, she has her students practice writing these
sentences with peers, gives students feedback and eventually
has the kids to complete this skill without her guidance.
Vygotsky and Piaget
Piaget Vygotsky
Both agree children are active learners who actively construct knowledge
Thinking develops in recognisable Development of thinking is
stages which depend on natural dependent upon language and
maturation culture
Piaget Vygotsky
This theory was very influential in This theory is still very influential in
education but has need revising education
and underestimation of children’s
abilities still a problem
Implementation