BLUETOOTH

TECHNOLOGY
SWETA SINGH
1450831904
EC 3rd year

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 Contents
Introduction
History
Technology Review
Classes of bluetooth
Networks of bluetooth
Protocols
Advantages of Bluetooth Technology
Disadvantages of Bluetooth Technology
Application of the bluetooth technology
Future of Bluetooth
Conclusion

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 Introduction
Definition
Bluetooth is a short-range and low power wireless technology
originally developed for exchanging data over short distances from
fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs).

 Short-range radio frequency technology that operates at 2.4 GHz on an

unlicensed Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band.

 Effective range of Bluetooth devices is 10 meters.

 It was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to data cables.

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 History
The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish
King Harald Bluetooth, he had been influential in uniting
Scandinavian tribes into a single kingdom.

Bluetooth was named so because

1) Bluetooth technology was developed in Scandinavia.

2) Bluetooth technology is able to unite differing industries such

as the cell phone, computing, and automotive markets.

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 Technology Review

Bluetooth uses a radio technology called

frequency-hopping spread spectrum.

Supports data rate of 1 Mb/s(originally).

The Bluetooth specifications are developed

and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest
Group (SIG).
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 Classes Of Bluetooth
Bluetooth devices are classified according to
three different power classes, as shown in the
following table.

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 Networks OF BLUETOOTH
Piconets
Definition
“Two or more Bluetooth units
sharing the same channel”

 One device acts as a master and the devices

Connected to it act as slaves.

 Slaves can not directly send data to each other.

 In effect, the master acts as a switch for the

piconet and all traffic must pass through the
master.

 There can be up to 7 active slaves in a piconet

but Only one master.
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 Scatternets
DEFINITION

 “A set of two or more

interconnected piconets form
scatternets.”

A Bluetooth unit can be a slave

in two or more piconets, but it
can be a master in only one.

Devices that participate in two

or more piconets may act as
“gateways.”
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Bluetooth units can only transmit and receive data in one
piconet at a time.
Piconets may be identified by the master's identity and clock.
Devices give notification of inactivation to master before
becoming inactive in its piconet for a finite length of time.

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 Bluetooth Protocols
Applications
Application Framework
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM and Support

Data Control
Host Controller
Interface
L2CAP
Audio
Link Manager Link Manager and L2CAP

Baseband
Radio & Baseband
RF

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 Bluetooth Protocols
RadioProtocol

 Responsible for the modulation and demodulation of data into RF signals.

 The radio layer describes the physical characteristics a Bluetooth device’s

 receiver-transmitter component must have.

BASEBAND PROTOCOL

 Responsible for channel coding and decoding.

 Digitizes the signals received by the radio for passing up the stack.

 Formats the data it receives from the Link Controller (upper protocol) for
transmission over the channel. 11
 Bluetooth Protocols
Link Controller

 Responsible for establishing and maintaining the links between Bluetooth

units.
The Link Manager Protocol (LMP)

 Handles link setup, authentication, link configuration and security

procedures.
 Establishes all connections with the help of baseband protocol.

Host Controller Interface

 The Host Controller Interface (HCI) defines uniform methods for accessing
and controlling the lower layers of the protocol stack (baseband and the link
manager). 12
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)

Responsible for:

 Establishing connections across existing ACL (Asynchronous

Connection-oriented) links or requesting an ACL link if one
does not already exist.

 Allow many different applications to use a single ACL link

through multiplexing Repackaging the data packets it receives
from the higher layers into the form expected by the lower
layers.

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 Advantages
 Eliminates wires

 Facilitates Data and Voice Communication

 Offers formation of Ad hoc networks

 Standardized protocol

 Free of charge

 Easy to use

 Low power consumes battery less

 Stationary and mobile environments

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 Disadvantages

Relatively short range

Less secure

Interference with other devices.

Bluetooth internet connection gets slow

sometimes

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APPLICATION OF BLUETOOTH

mouse
Internet access
Cell phone

Cordless
headset
Cable replacement
 Bluetooth Applications

 Bluetooth provides support for three general application

areas using short-range wireless connectivity:

 Data and voice access points. Bluetooth facilitates real-

time voice and data transmissions by providing effortless
wireless connection of portable and stationary
communications devices.

 Cable replacement. Bluetooth eliminates the need for

numerous, often proprietary cable attachments for
connection of practically any kind of communications
device. Connections are instant and are maintained even.
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 when devices are not within line of sight. The range of
each radio is approximately 10 m, but can be extended to
100 m with an optional amplifier.

 Ad hoc networking. A device equipped with a Bluetooth

radio can establish instant connection to another
Bluetooth radio as soon as it comes into range.

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 Future of Bluetooth
Bluetooth has a good future ahead because it
meets a basic need of connectivity.

Currently a protocol is being researched that

would support large ad hoc networks.

Latest version of Bluetooth are improving both

its security and capabilities.
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 Ultra wide band has been chosen by the Bluetooth
Special Interest Group as the future of Bluetooth
Technology.
 New versions of Bluetooth technology will meet the
high- speed and large range.ed
 Many companies are designing impressive bluetooth
applications in demand

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Thank you for your
presence

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