- Neoclassicism (1780-1840) a movement afte

r the Rococo period that flourished across Wes

tern Europe and the United States.

- Rococo Style, (1715-74) style of 18th-century

painting and decoration characterized by lightn
ess, delicacy, and elaborate ornamentation.

- These movements were in effect at various tim

es which spanned approximately from the late
18th to the 19th century.
The word neoclassism came from the Greek
word neos meaning new and the Latin word c
lassicus which means first class.

Neoclassicism is the Western movement in deco

rative and visual arts which also applies to:
• literature
• theater music
• and architecture
… influenced by the classical art and culture of
Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th
century the Age of Reason also known as Age
of Enlightenment.

The art style was brought about by the renewed

interest in Greek and Roman classics.

Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpt

ure and architecture generally portrayed Roman
history which elevated the Roman heroes.
 Characteristics
- Portrayal of Roman history - Roman and Gree
k history and mythology were often subjects for t
heir paintings.
- Formal Composition – paintings of this era hav
e a “noble simplicity” and were characterized by
symmetry, clean lines and the emphasis on the s
ubjects faces to help tell the story.
- Use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion
or moment.
- Local color - feature colors that are sharper than
those found in the Baroque
 Characteristics
- Overall lighting - vivid contrast between light and
dark colors
- Classic geo-structure
Difference Between Neoclassicism a
nd Classicism
Neoclassicism is the rene Classicism is the period in w
wed interest in classical i hich Greek and Roman princ
deals and forms iples and styles where reflect
ed in the society. In the cont
ext of the tradition;

It also refers to the art for Classicism refers either to th

ms created after but insp e art produced in antiquity w
ired by the ancient times hile Neoclassicism always r
and it was derived from th efers to the art produced lat
e Classicism movement er but inspired by antiquity.
Neoclassical
PAINTING
Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of ord
er and moderation. They restored to realistic por
trayals the artistic interpretations of classic Gree
k and Roman history.

The artists gave great importance to the

costumes, settings and details of classical
subject-matter without adding distracting
details but with as much historical accuracy as
possible.
Neoclassical
PAINTING
• Jacques-Louis
David (30 August
1748 – 29
December 1825)
was a highly
influential French
painter in the
Neoclassical style,
considered to be the
preeminent painter
of the era.
“ Oath of the Horatii” (1784)
 It was a large painting
that depicts a scene
from a Roman legend
about the dispute
between Rome and
Alba Longa.
The three brothers, all
of whom appear will
to sacrifice their lives
Oath of the Horatii
Artist: Jacques-Louis David
for the good of Rome,
Year1784 are shown saluting
Type: Oil on canvas their father who holds
Dimensions: 329.8 cm × 424.8 cm (129.8 in
× 167.2 in) their swords out for
Location: Louvre, Paris them.
“ The Death of Marat” (1793)
 David’s masterpiece
shows the portrayal
of a revolutionary
martyr. This is a
painting of the
murdered French
revolutionary leader
Jean-Paul Marat.

The Death of Marat

Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Year: 1793Typeoil on canvas
Dimensions:165 cm × 128 cm (65 in × 50 in)
Location: Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belg
ium
“ Napoleon Crossing the Alps” (1801)
 The painting that
showed a strongly
idealized view of the
real crossing that
Napoleon and his
army made across
the Alps through the
Great St. Bernard
Pass in May 1800..
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Artist: Jacques-Louis David
Location: Château de Malmaison
Dimensions: 2.60 m x 2.21 m
Created: 1801–1805
Media: Oil paint
• Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
(29 August 1780 – 14 January
1867) was a French Neoclassical
painter. Ingres was a pupil of
Jacques-Louis David.
• He was influenced by Italian
Renaissance painters like
Raphael, Nicolas Pousin,
Botticelli, and his mentor,
His painting were
Jacques-Louis usually nudes,
David.
portraits and mythological them
es. He was regarded as one of th
e great exemplars of academic a
rt and one of the finest Old Mas
ters of his era.
“Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne”
“Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne”

The painting depicts

Napoleon in his
decadent coronation
costume, seated upon
his golden-encrusted
throne, hand resting
upon smooth ivory
balls
“ The Apotheosis of Homer
The painting was a state-commissioned by Charles X to have
him remembered in the building works of the Louvre. The
planning depicts an image of Homer, receiving all the brilliant
men of Rome and Greece, and contemporary times.
“ The Apostheosis of Homer
 QUIZ
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write TRUE if you think a state
ment is TRUE. Write FALSE if the statement is FALSE. If you have questions, raise
your hand and ask your teacher.
1. The neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning first class.
2. The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicis
m.
3. Neoclassicism does not apply to literature, theater, music, and architecture.
4. Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Baroque also called t
he Age of Reason.
5. Neoclassical art pieces such paintings, sculpture and architecture generally p
ortrayed Roman history.
6. The use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment is a charact
eristic of Baroque art.
7. Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which ar
tistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to rea
listic portrayals.
 QUIZ
8. Neoclassicism is the renewed interest in Baroque ideals and forms that influ
enced European and American society through idea, politics and fine arts d
uring the 18th and 19th century.
9. Classicism is the period in which Greek and Roman principles and styles wer
e reflected in society.
10. Jacques-Louis David’s paintings were usually nudes, portraits and mythol
ogical themes.
11. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was an influential French painter and consi
dered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era.
12. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was regarded as one of the great exemplar
s of academic art and one of the finest Old Masters of his era.
13. Jacques-Louis David was considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the er
a.
14. The Napoleon Crossing the Alps is Jacques-Louis David masterpiece.
15. The Apotheosis of Homer was a state-commissioned painting by Charles Ba
rkley X to have him remembered in the building works of the Louvre.
 QUIZ
Directions: Match the photos to their names.

A. Oath of the Horatii

1.
B. The Apotheosis of Homer
C. Napoleon Crossing the Al
4.
ps
D. Portrait of Napoleon on t
2. he Imperial Throne
E. The Death of Marat
5.
F. Psyche Awakened by Cupi
d’s Kiss

3.
 QUIZ
1. False 11. False
2. True 12. True
3. False 13. True
4. False 14. False
5. True 15. False
6. False 16. C
7. True 17. D
8. False 18. A
9. True 19. B
10. False 20. E
 Neoclassical
SCULPTURES
• Antonio Canova
(1757-1852) Italy
Canova was a prolific
Italian artist and
sculptor who became
famous for his marble
sculptures that
delicately rendered
nude flesh.
• He opened the idea
for portraying discrete
sexual pleasures by
using pure contours
with his mythological
compositions.
 Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss (A. Canova)

A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of

Psyche and Cupid
 Washington (A. Canova)

This is a marble sculpture of Washington currently displayed

at North Carolina Museum of History.
• Bertel Thorvaldsen
(1789 - 1838)
Denmark
• Thorvaldsen was the
first internationally
acclaimed Danish
artist. He executed
sculptures of
mythological and
religious themes
characters.
 Christ (B. Thorvaldsen)

A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ currently

located at the Thorvaldsen Museum.
 Lion of Lucerne (B. Thorvaldsen)

A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that

commemorates the Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792
during the French Revolution.
 Neoclassical
ARCHITECTURE
 Neoclassical Architecture
• Neoclassical architectural styles started in the
mid-18th century.
• It turned away from the grandeur of Rococo st
yle and the Late Baroque.
• It was principally derived from the architectur
e of Classical Greece and Rome and the archit
ectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea
Palladio.
Types of Neoclassical Architecture
• TEMPLE STYLE
 Temple style building design was based on an anc
ient temple.
 These buildings were uncommon during the Rena
issance as architects of that period focused mainl
y on applying classical elements to churches and
modern buildings like palazzos and villas.
 Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a
continuous line of columns around a building), a r
are feature of Renaissance architecture.
Most Famous Temple Style Buildings
of the Neoclassical Age

PANTHEON, Paris by Jacques-Germain Soufflot

BRITISH MUSEUM. London by Robert Smirke
La Madeleine de Paris, by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon
Types of Neoclassical Architecture
• PALLADIAN STYLE
 Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladi
o’s style of villa construction.
 Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which
is a railing with vertical supports along the edge o
f the roof.
 These vertical supports within a balustrade are ca
lled “balusters” or “spindles”.
 It is also a classical method of crowning a buildin
g that has flat or low lying roof.
Robert Adam (1728 – 1792)
He was known as the
Palladian architect of the
Neoclassical who designed
two well-known American
Civic buildings.
White House
United States Capitol
 Types of Neoclassical Architecture
• CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE
 The buildings features a rectangular or square plan, with a
flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.
 The exterior features a repeated classical pattern or series
of arches and/or columns.
 The overall impressions of such a building was a huge, class
ically-decorated rectangular block.
 Classical block aesthetic was also known as “Beaux-Arts sty
le”, since it was developed principally by the French Ecole d
es Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts).
 Classical block architecture also flourished in the United Sta
tes particularly in New York.
Famous Architects of this Architectural
Style were:
Henri Labraouste – his
masterpiece is the Library of
Sainte-Genevieve. (1728 –
1792)

Charles Garnier – he
designed the most famous
classical block of all which is
the Palais Garnier.
LIBRARY of SAINTE-GENEVIEVE by H. Lobrouste
PARIS OPERA HOUSE (C. Garnier)
NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY by Carrere & Hastings
Architectural Firm 1895
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY by Charles Follen Mckim 1895
 QUIZ
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write TRUE if you think a state
ment is TRUE. Write FALSE if the statement is FALSE. If you have questions, raise
your hand and ask your teacher.
1. Antonio Canova was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous
for his marble sculptures.
2. Bertel Thorvaldsen delicately rendered nude flesh sculptures and Psyche Aw
akened by Cupid’s Kiss was one of them.
3. Antonio Canova and Bertel Thorvaldsen both executed religious themes and
characters.
4. Bertel Thorvaldsen opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures.
5. Antonio Canova sculpted the famous Lion of Lucerne.
6. Lion of Lucerne was sculpted to commemorate the massacre of the Swiss Gu
ards.
7. Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architectur
e of Classical Greece and Rome only.
 QUIZ
8. Temple style is a type of neoclassical architecture where in building designs
were based on ancient temples.
9. Balustrade is a classical method of crowning a building that has a flat roof.
10. Palladian style were based on Andrea Palladio’s style of villa construction.
11. In classical block style, building features a rectangular or square plan with fl
at roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.
12. Balusters are continuous line of columns around a building. .
13. Robert Adam was known as the Palladian architect designed two well-know
n American civic buildings.
14. Peristyle was featured in many temple style buildings.
15. Classical block aesthetic was also known as “Beaux-Arts style.”
Directions: Match the photos to their names.

A. Henri Labrouste
1.

B. Bertel Thorvaldsen

2.
C. Antonio Canova

3.
D. Andrea Palladio

4. E. Charles Garnier

F. Robert Adams
5.
 QUIZ
1. TRUE 11. TRUE
2. FALSE 12. FALSE
13. TRUE
3. FALSE 14. TRUE
4. FALSE 15. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE II.
7. FALSE 1. C
2. E
8. TRUE 3. B
9. TRUE 4. F
10. TRUE 5. A
 Romanticism
• Romanticism was a movement in which the ar
tists of Neoclassical period sought to break ne
w ground in the expression of emotion, both
subtle and stormy.
• It embraced a number of distinctive themes, s
uch as a longing for history, supernatural ele
ments, social injustices, and nature.
 Romanticism
• Landscape painting also became more popula
r due to the peoples’ romantic adoration of
nature.
• Romanticism was a reaction to the classical, c
ontemplative nature of Neoclassical pieces.
 Characteristics
• shows the height of action
• emotional extremes
• celebrated nature as out of control
• dramatic compositions
• heightened sensation (life and death moments)
 Romantic Painting
• The paintings of the Romantic period gave more
emphasis on emotion.
• Artists expressed as much feeling and passion a
s it could be on a canvas.
 Painters of the
Romantic Period
• JEAN LOUIS
THÉODORE
GÉRICAULT(1791-1824)
• He was the first
French master and
the leader of the
French realistic
school.
• His masterpieces
were energetic,
powerful, brilliantly
colored, and tightly
composed
The Raft of the Medusa
 The Raft of the Medusa
• The Raft of the Medusa is
an oil painting of 1818–
1819 by the French
Romantic painter and
lithographer Théodore
Géricault. Completed
when the artist was 27,
the work has become an
icon of French
Romanticism.
• Artist: Théodore Géricault
• Dimensions: 4.91 m x 7.16 m
• Location: The Louvre
• Period: Romanticism
• Created: 1818–1819
• Media: Oil paint
CHARGING CHASSEUR & INSANE WO
MAN
His first major work reveale
d the influence of the style o
f Rubens and an interest in t
he depiction of contemporar
y subject matter.
One of several portraits Ge
ricault
made of the mentally disab
led that has a peculiar hypn
otic power.
• EUGÈNE DELACROIX
(1798-1863) Ujhen
delaquoa
• Delacroix was considered
the greatest French
Romantic painter of all.
• He achieved brilliant
visual effects using small,
adjacent strokes of
contrasting color.
• He was the most
influential to most of
Romantic painters and
eventually, his technique
was adopted and
extended by the
Impressionist artists.
 Liberty Leading the People

This painting commemorates the July Revolution of 1830,

which toppled King Charles X of France. A woman holdin
g the flag of the French Revolution personifies Liberty an
d leads the people forward over the bodies
of the fallen.
• FRANCISCO GOYA (1746-
1828)
• Francisco Goya was a
commissioned Romantic
painter by the King of
Spain.
• He was also a
printmaker regarded
both as the last of the
“Old Masters” and
the first of the
“Moderns”.
 The Third of May

The Third of May is Goya’s masterpiece that sought to co

mmemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies du
ring the occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular War.
SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON & THE
BURIAL OF SARDINE
This artwork depicts the Greek
myth of the Titan Cronus (Satu
rn), who fears that he would b
e overthrown by one of his chil
dren, so he ate each one upon
their birth
The "Burial of the Sardine" was
a Spanish ceremony celebrated
on Ash Wednesday and was a s
ymbolical burial of the past to a
llow society to be reborn, transf
ormed with new
vigor.
 Landscape Painting
• Landscape painting depicts the physical world t
hat surrounds us and includes features such as
mountains, valleys, vegetation, and bodies of
water.
• The sky is another important element shaping t
he mood of landscape paintings.
• Landscape art ranges from highly detailed and r
ealistic to impressionistic, romantic and idealiz
ed.
 Famous Landscape Artists

Théodore Rousseau Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

They were members of the Barbizon School (a circle of art
ists who held meetings in the village of Barbizon) that led t
he Romantic landscape painting in France.
THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL, NE by: J. Corot
AR BEAUVAIS
LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES

by: J. Corot
DER KLEINE FISCHER
by: T. Rousseau
LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN
by: T. Rousseau
 REFLECTION QUESTIONS
1. What can you say about the Romantic Period?
2. What are the characteristics of the Romantic pain
tings?
3. What are the ideas or themes that were portraye
d in their art?
4. How do the artists convey their ideas in their art?