1 General Procedure of Shipbuilding

General Procedure
of Shipbuilding
For the benefit of business and people

SUMMARY
1 FROM CONTRACT TO
DELIVERY
2 CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY
3 LARGE CONTAINER VESSEL
2
1
> From Contract to
Delivery
3
1 From Contract to Delivery CONCEPT
Owner Project Shipyard
Contract/ Business Dept.

CONTRACT Ship Sales Engineering Dept.
Basic/ Production
DESIGN Purchasing of Material Purchasing Dept.
Owner/ Class Approval
Hull
Hull Outfitting
Machinery Outfitting
PRODUCTION
Electric Outfitting
Painting
Quality Assurance
Production Control
DELIVERY A/S
GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 4

1 From Contract to Delivery CONCEPT
SHIPBUILDING
PROCESS

1 From Contract to Delivery INITIAL STAGE
Owner Broker
Contract/ Business Dept.
* Owner Shipyard
Project Planning * Shipyard Ship Sales Engineering Dept.
Purpose OFFER
Route
Economic BRIEF SPEC’
Negotiation Full Spec’/ Class

Technical Meeting Cost Balance
Total Quantity
Letter of Intent Option
Delivery Date
Contract Specification
CONTRACT Contract G/A, Midship, Piping Diagram
Accommodation Plan

ROLES
in SHIPBUILDING

 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

 75K MIDSHIP

 75K MIDSHIP

 DIAGRAM OUTFIT

 DIAGRAM OUTFIT

 DIAGRAM OUTFIT

 DIAGRAM-MACHINERY



 ACCOMMODATION PLAN



1 From Contract to Delivery DESIGN STAGE

SPIRAL
DESIGN

SPIRAL
Definition of Requirements
DESIGN
Length Definition of Requirements
Breadth
Depth Choice
Economic
Draught Analysis
Empirical Ship
Calculations Life Strength
Constraints Longitudinal
(Design) Strength
Form
Form Seakeeping
Selection Preliminary Manouvrability
Control
Constraints
(Design Process)
Calculationsr
Machinery
Selection
Power Weather Range
COnstraints
Ship Deck
(Design Environment)
Type Arrangement
Type
Area/ General
Ship
Weight
Arrangement
Area
Displacement
Next Design Step Weight

SPIRAL
DESIGN

Key Design or Key Plan
 DESIGN STAGE Production Design
Lines, Propeller
General Arrangement
Basic Design Trim & Stability
Loading, etc.
Hull Key Plan : Midship Section

Construction Profile & Deck Plan
Shell Expansion
Structure Drawing : Cargo Hold

Engine Room/ Fore Body/ Aft Body
Stern Frame/ Accommodation
Production Drawing : Shop Drawing/ Cutting Plan

Hull Design
Structural Analysis : Static Analysis –Coarse Mesh/ Fine Mesh
Fatigue Analysis
Sloshing Analysis
Bow Impact & Slamming Analysis
Vibration Analysis
Painting
Purchasing Order : Steel Plate, Angle etc, Paint
Key Design : Piping Diagram, Ventilation

Mooring, Anchoring, Steering
Life Saving, Fire Fighting
Traffic Arrangement
Hull Outfitting Design Production Design : Pipe Piece, Traffic Piece, etc
Small Equipment
Accommodation Design : Interior, Piping, Outfitting
Purchasing Order : Pipe, Valve, Equipment
Key Design : E/R Piping Diagram,

Machinery Arrangement, M/E,
Generator, Boiler, Compressor
Machinery Outfitting
Production Design : Pipe Piece, Vent Piece, etc.
Small Equipment
Purchasing Order : Equipment, Valve, etc.

Key Design : Automation

Electrical System
Navigation Equipment
Electric Outfitting Production Design : Cable Piece

Light Equipment
Purchasing Order : Switch Board

Equipment, Cable, Sensor

1 From Contract to Delivery PRODUCTION STAGE
Yard Facility Production Control

Production Control Production – Hull, Hull Outfitting,
CONDITION
Machinery Outfitting, Paint
Material Control
Quality Assurance
HULL PRODUCTION
Cutting Sub-Assembly Assembly Each Block
P.E Block Inspection

Pre-Outfitting
Painting Owner/ Class
Grand P.E Dock Erection

OUTFITTING PRODUCTION
Pre-Outfitting Outfitting Outfitting

In Block In Dock In Quay
PAINTING
Cosmetic
Block Painting Dock Painting
Painting














1 From Contract to Delivery DELIVERY & A/S
READY TO SEA TRIAL Official Sea Trial

Shipyard, Owner, Class
Shipyard Ship owner
Speed
Endurance
Tank Test
Anchoring/ Mooring
Rudder, Steering
Vibration, Noise
Equipment Operation
Navigation
Correction Delivery
Departure A/S
If Any Sign
(1 YEAR)



2
> Classification
45
2 Classification MAJOR WORK
SHIP’S SAFETY DURING LIFE TIME
Yard Design
 DRAWING APPROVAL
Maker Design
 INSPECTION DURING BUILDING
 CERTIFICATION
Intermediate
 INSPECTION AFTER DELIVERY
Periodical

CLASS PROCESS
SHIP NEW CONSTRUCTION :
Commercial Design review Follow-up in service
T0 T0 + C
Contract Delivery
to Owner
RFC
Signed Ad 523
signed by
RFC : Request For Certificate LPO LPO : Local Plan Approval

CLASS PROCESS
Design review : basically 4 BV actors
BV Non surveyors
Field surveyor
LPO
Marine Center
DTM support
DTM : Dept. of Technical Marine

CLASS PROCESS
Design review
T0 T0 + C
LPO core activity : Design review
Contract Delivery
• Design review can start before RFC signed
to Owner
( TAKE CARE - CONTRACT DEFINITION )
•Completed when Ad 523 + annexes are examined and
signed
( technical green light given to Condition Monitoring –
CM for Class certificate ) Ad 523
RFC
Signed signed by
LPO

CLASS PROCESS
Design review
LPO core business : Design review against Referential

T0 T0 + C
• Referential : BV Rules / IMO Reg.
Contract Delivery
• LPO Interpretations :
to Owner
- allowed with BV Rules ( within general conditions)
- not allowed for IMO Reg.
• Rules : technical interpretations / protect interest of
Owner ( final CLIENT )
RFC • High technical knowledge frequently requested as Ad 523
Signed Clients may be less educated / powerfull than BV signed by
LPO
• Great risk of uncontrolled move from design review
activity to Consultancy activity
CLASS PROCESS
Follow-up in service
T0 + C LPO activity : Scrap

Delivery
• Design review at any time in case of
to Owner
conversion
• Rules : technical interpretations / protect or
interest of Owner
• Technical support of CMs / Station surveys
• Several LPOs may be concerned Change
Ad 523 of
signed by • Technical documentation processing Class
LPO ( drawings + calculation sheets )

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
 Different from Class design review : BV acts as designer in scope of

Consultancy
 Technical expertise and knowledge is ( must be ) sold to Client
 Highly profitable
 HIGH RISK OF :
- transfer of Yard know-how
- confusion on status of conclusions
- pressure from management
 ALWAYS BE CLEAR ABOUT THE CAP YOU WEAR / THE FORMAT OF
COMMENTS YOU ARE ALLOWED TO GIVE

2 Classification IACS MEMBERS
 MEMBER
ABS : American Bureau of Shipping
BV : Bureau Veritas
CCS : China Classification Society
DNV : Det Norske Veritas
GL : Germanischer Lloyd
KR : Korean Register of Shipping
LR : Lloyd Register
NK : Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
RINA : Registro Italiano Navale
RS : Russian Maritime Register of Shipping

2 Classification IACS MEMBERS
 ASSOCIATES
IRS : Indian Register of Shipping
 REQUIREMENTS
- Procedural Requirement
- Unified Requirements
- Unified Interpretations
- Guide Line & Recommendations, etc.
 Web Site
www.iacs.org.uk

3
> Large Container Vessel
55
1 General : Large Container
SUMMARY Vessels
2 Bureau Veritas References
in Large Container Vessels
3 BV Hull Expertise
- Steps of review process
- Torsion analysis
- Fatigue analysis
- Bow flare analysis
4 BV Lashing Expertise
5 BV Shaft Alignment Expertise
6 Parametric Roll Calculation
56
1 GENERAL LARGE CONTAINER VESSELS
 The size range for the largest containerships is expected to increase

significantly in the near future as economies of scale remains the
dominant operational factor driving efficient transport.
 The Largest containerships currently in service are in the 7000-8000 TEU

range. Many leading shipyard have developed designs for vessels with
additional containers rows, tiers and holds. Increase main dimension
and capacity up to 9000/10000 TEU.
 In the future the carrying capacity of containerships is expected to

increase to 12000 TEU and above

 Fleet development for container ships
Fleet development in '000 teu
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

 Order Books for container ships
Order book Feb 2005, number of ships
250
200
150
100
50
0
<1000 1000- 2000- 3000- 4000- 5000- 6000- 7000- 8000+
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

 Challenges with the increase of size of containerships
• Torsion/Warping stress
• Fatigue
• Acceleration forces on lashing
• Engine power
• Shaft alignment
• Parametric roll
• Slamming/Bow impact

2 BV REFERENCES CONTAINER SHIPS BUILDING
 LAST MAIN REFERENCES
• HHI
» 1x5,500 TEU containerships for YANG MING LINE
» 1x7,800 TEU containership for CMA CGM
» 10x5,100 TEU containerships for CMA CGM (under building)
» 2x5,100 TEU containerships for CMA CGM (under building at HSHI)
» 1x8,200 TEU containership for YANG MING LINE (under building)
• DSME
» 1x6,500 TEU containership for CGM CMA

2 BV REFERENCES CONTAINER SHIPS BUILDING
 LAST MAIN REFERENCES

• HHIC
» 2x1,600 TEU containerships for DELMAS
» 4x1,600 TEU containerships for VROON
» 2x4,300 TEU containerships for CMA CGM
» 3x6,500 TEU containerships for CMA CGM
• SHI
» 8 x 5,770 TEU containerships for CMA CGM
• CSBC
» 18x2,200 TEU containerships for WAN HAI LINES, DELMAS, CMA CGM,
YANG MING LINE
• IMABARI
» 3x5,500 TEU containerships for COSCO

2 BV REFERENCES PROJECT MANAGEMENT
< 9,200 TEU CONTAINERSHIP >
 Main Dimensions:
• Length btw. PP 333,44 m

• Breadth 42,8 m
• Depth, to upper deck 27,3 m
• Draught, summer 14,5 m
• Speed 24,25 kn
• Power 68656 kW
 Key elements: Between half December and the end of March the complete structure has been
reviewed. This was only possible in close cooperation with the Shipyard. Several meetings at the
shipyard site, exchanging information and calculation results and discussing the findings, have
taken place. Two offices of Bureau Veritas, Korea and Paris, have been working around the clock
in order to make the deadlines of the shipyard.

CRITIAL AREA OF LARGE CONTAINER
3 BV HULL EXPERTISE
SHIPS
Hatch coamings /
Superstructures connection
Longitudinal Hatch Coamings
Bow Flare
impact
Bottom
Slamming
Transverse Bulkhead
connections Cross-deck structures
Hatch corners
3 BV HULL EXPERTISE STEP OF REVIEW PROCESS
 DESIGN REVIEW PROCESS

» General and subdivision arrangement
» Mid-ship section : Longitudinal strength and local rule scantlings
» All sections : Longitudinal strength and local rules scantlings
» Torsion model : Warping stress estimation all along the vessel
(to be included in the global stress)
» Key drawings: primary members calculation (local + global stress)
» Detail drawings / reinforcement : bracket reinforcement under stack...
» Bow impact and flat forward bottom area
» Other calculations: Loading manual strength analysis, Lashing...
 IN PARALLEL TO DESIGN REVIEW PROCESS

» FEM (VeriSTAR) calculations: double check for design review
» Fatigue Analysis with Mars/VeriSTAR

3 BV HULL EXPERTISE TORSION ANALYSIS
MARS - TORCIS ANALYSIS
» TORCIS calculation 2 calculations:

wave 60 degree
wave 120 degree
Modelisation of
all cargo holds
Estimation of shear force

in cross deck beams
Estimation of warping stress

in side shell , upper-deck
all along the vessel N/mm2

MARS - TORCIS ANALYSIS
Buckling due to warping Fatigue due to warping

(L27) 16 years
(L28) 17 years
(L29) 13 years
(L30) 15 years
(L31) 17 years

 Analyses based on complete ship model
VeriSTAR is use for
- Buckling analysis (coarse mesh)
- Yielding analysis (fine mesh)
- Fatigue analysis (very fine mesh)

Full model of 9200 TEU containership

 Methodology and steps of a VeriSTAR CSM calculations
»σX1 = γs1 σs1 + γw1(Cfvσwv1+Cfhσwh1 + CfΏσΩ )

Quartering sea: Maximize static , vertical bending (50%), horizontal bending (100%) and torsion (100%)
50% Vertical Bending moment Maximum Torsion at fore part

6 3D FEM CALCULATIONS COMPLETE SHIP MODEL
VERISTAR
 Methodology and steps of a VeriSTAR CSM calculations

» Coarse mesh modelling : full ship
» Definition of ballast areas and container loading points
» Static calculation with lightship weight: loading conditions
– lightship (checking case)
– ballast (maximum Bending moment)
– full load (maximum draft)
– compare data with loading manual
(draft,displacement,still water bending moment…)
» Wave Load calculations: load cases
– based on selection of design waves (table 5)
– Head Sea (longitudinal strength)
– Beam Sea (transverse strength)
– Quartering sea (torsion strength)
» Fine mesh analyses
– based on areas to be analysed (Table 1)
– Hatch corners, cross deck, connection superstructure,connection girders...

3 BV HULL EXPERTISE COMPLETE SHIP MODEL
 Principle Design wave load (see also Table 5)

» Maximum Vertical Wave Bending Moment in Hogging condition
» Maximum Wave Torque at vicinity of 0.25L (aft part)
» Maximum Wave Torque at mid-ship
» Maximum Wave Torque at vicinity of 0.75L (fore part)
Sea keeping calculation
» Maximum vertical acceleration in inclined conditions
Iterative process
» Maximum vertical acceleration in upright conditions
» Maximum transverse acceleration
 Wave design load to be associate with loading conditions

» Ballast, full load
» Load cases

 Stresses and Deformation
Stress in Hatch coaming

Connection superstructure
Stress Cross deck
Stress Hatch corners

Stress Girders
Buckling in bottom area Buckling in bulkhead and bilge area
Head Sea Condition Quartering sea condition

 Areas to be analysed through fine Mesh models
Examples:
- Hatch Corners
- Connection of hatch coaming
with superstructure
- Transverse Bulkhead
- Support Bulkhead
- Transverse Frame
- Bottom Girders

HATCH CORNERS
Typical stress range in head sea Typical stress range in oblique sea

 Support Bulkhead
Maximum pressure
in alternate condition
one bay empty
Shear stress
at maximum draft

 Connection with
superstructure
Stress concentrations
3 BV HULL EXPERTISE FATIGUE ANALYSIS
 Steps for Fatigue calculation of side shell longitudinals:

» 1st step : 2D Fatigue Analysis
» 2nd Step: 3D Fatigue Analysis
 Fatigue calculations for Hatch corners

» One Step: 3D Fatigue Analysis
Cracks in side shell longitudinal due to fatigue

 Side Shell longitudinals
To compare with Mars results
Fatigue
Hot spot 1
Damage Fatigue
Life calculation
to be over 20 years
Fatigue
Hot spot 2

 Hatch Corners
In order to increase fatigue life,

compromise between:
- sufficient reinforcement
- smooth grinding
Especially fore part area due to high

torsional loads
Hot spot edge of the corner
Hatch corner in the midship and fore part

 Hatch Corners
In order to increase fatigue life,
compromise between:
- sufficient reinforcement
- smooth grinding
Smooth Grinding improves

the fatigue life by 2
Hot spot edge of the corner
Hatch corner in the aft part at ER

3 BV HULL EXPERTISE SLAMMING/ BOW IMPACT
 Slamming
Maximum impact in forward area:
- Buckling in transverse frames

- Buckling on side shell plate and stiffeners
- Detail connections in forward area
Blow flare analysis

VeriSTAR calculations with maximum vertical
acceleration and in sagging condition.

3 BV HULL EXPERTISE SLAMMING/ BOW IMPACT
 Buckling in transverse frame at fore part

END
Thank You
for
Your Attention !
83

1 General Procedure of Shipbuilding

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General Procedure

For the benefit of business and people

Owner Project Shipyard

Contract/ Business Dept.

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 4

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 5

Negotiation Full Spec’/ Class

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 6

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 7

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 8

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 9

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 10

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 11

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 12

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 13

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 14

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 15

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 16

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 17

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 18

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 19

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 20

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 21

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 22

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 23

Hull Key Plan : Midship Section

Structure Drawing : Cargo Hold

Production Drawing : Shop Drawing/ Cutting Plan

Key Design : Piping Diagram, Ventilation

Accommodation Design : Interior, Piping, Outfitting

Purchasing Order : Pipe, Valve, Equipment

Key Design : E/R Piping Diagram,

Purchasing Order : Equipment, Valve, etc.

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 25

Key Design : Automation

Electric Outfitting Production Design : Cable Piece

Purchasing Order : Switch Board

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 26

Yard Facility Production Control

Cutting Sub-Assembly Assembly Each Block

P.E Block Inspection

Grand P.E Dock Erection

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 27

Pre-Outfitting Outfitting Outfitting

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 28

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 29

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 30

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 31

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 32

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 33

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 34

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 35

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 36

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 37

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 38

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 39

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 40

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 41

READY TO SEA TRIAL Official Sea Trial

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 42

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 43

GENERAL PROCEDURE OF SHIPBUILDING 44

SHIP’S SAFETY DURING LIFE TIME