NON-GOVERNMENT

ORGANIZATIONS (NGO)
DAVY T. APLAN – MATSS 1
What is a Non-Government
Organization?
The United Nations define NGOs as “a non-for-
profit, voluntary citizens’ group, which is
organized on a local, national or international
level to address issues in support of the public
good.”

Usually set up by ordinary citizens and may be

funded by governments, foundations,
businesses, or private persons.
TASK-ORIENTED AND DRIVEN BY PEOPLE WITH A
COMMON INTEREST……
 NGOs essentially "fill the gap" in public services that
are not provided by local authorities. They do this by
extending public services to the smallest level of the
community, especially low-income households, and by
monitoring and articulating public opinion.
 NGOs perform a variety of service and
humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to
Governments, advocate and monitor policies and
encourage political participation through provision
of information.
Features and Qualifications of NGOs
1. Non Profit – It is not meant for making profit for
personal gain. In case an NGO conducts some
revenue generating activity, the profit earned should
not be distributed amongst the board members,
instead it should be used for carrying out NGOs
activities.
2. Social Values – It should address a social cause
and should work towards public good. The activities
undertaken by the NGO should improve the
conditions of the disadvantaged people.
 Continuation……
3. Voluntary – It is formed by free will of the founding
member. There are no laws that restrict or promote
the formation of NGOs, it is a voluntary decision of
the founding members.
4. Legally registered – It should be legally registered
as per country norms.
5. Independent – It is independent of government or
private interference. They are controlled by the board
of management and work independently for social
welfare.
6. Non- criminal – It should not indulge in anti-social
and criminal activities.
 Types of NGO
1. By Level of Operation
a.) Community-based organizations (CBOs) arise out
of people's own initiatives. They can be responsible
for raising the consciousness of the urban poor,
helping them to understand their rights in accessing
needed services, and providing such services.
b.) City-wide organizations include organizations
such as chambers of commerce and industry,
coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups,
and associations of community organizations.
 Types….
c.) National NGOs include national organizations like
professional associations and similar groups
operating at a national level. Some have state and
city branches and assist local NGOs.
d.) International NGOs range from secular agencies
such as Plan International, Save the Children, World
Vision, Oxfam, CARE, Child Fund and other
foundations to religiously motivated groups. They can
be responsible for funding local NGOs, institutions
and projects and implementing projects.
 Types….
2. By Orientation
a.) Charitable orientation often involves a top-down
paternalistic effort with little participation by the
"beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed
toward meeting the needs of the poor peoples.
b.) Service orientation includes NGOs with activities
such as the provision of health, family planning or
education services in which the program is designed by
the NGO and people are expected to participate in its
implementation and in receiving the service.
 Types….
c.) Participatory orientation is characterized by self-help
projects where local people are involved particularly in
the implementation of a project by contributing cash,
tools, land, materials, labour etc. In the classical
community development project, participation begins
with the need definition and continues into the planning
and implementation stages.
d.) Empowering orientation aims to help poor people
develop a clearer understanding of the social, political
and economic factors affecting their lives, and to
strengthen their awareness of their own potential power
to control their lives.
 Types….
3. By Sector They Work In
a.) Advocacy NGOs: These organizations promote and
advocate for policy changes related to a particular
cause. These organizations carry out demonstrations,
rallies and events to generate awareness to influence
policy change.
b.) Health NGOs: Their activities revolve around providing
awareness, conducting health camps, distribution of
medicines and advocating health related issues.
 Types….
c.) Environmental NGOs: NGOs that work only for
environmental related issues, which range from
awareness generation, plantation drives, climate change
negotiations etc.
d.) Educational NGOs: NGOs that conduct activities
related to education, skill development etc.
 Roles and Functions of NGO
 Developing Infrastructure: Some NGOs primarily help
in development and operation of infrastructure. These
organizations purchase land and then use the land for
construction of schools, hospitals, wells, public toilets
etc. which is used by community at large.
 Research and Development: These NGOS conduct
research and help in enhancing knowledge on current
issues. They develop innovative solutions based on
the research to deal with social problems.
 Roles and Functions…..
 Advocacy: Several NGOs attempt to influence policy
development in favor of poor and marginalized
communities. These NGOs are most likely to conduct
rallies, stage demonstrations, participate in policy
formulation etc.
 Dissemination of Information: In areas where
government is unable to reach out to people, NGOs
help in disseminating information about government
schemes, policies and programs. They help in
generating awareness about relevant government
projects.
 Roles and Functions…..
 Training and Capacity Building: NGOs provide training
and conduct capacity building courses to empower
marginalized communities.
 Facilitate Dialogue: NGOs can facilitate both upward
communication from people to government and
downward communication from the government to the
people. This two-way flow of information helps in
designing better projects and effective policies.
 Possible Issues and Problems
 Transparency and Accountability
All NGOs should be transparent and accountable
in their day to day activity. NGOs should be open and
honest about their activities, funding and internal
operations.
 Possible Issues….
When there is no Transparency and Accountability…..
 Legal status
 Public relations

 Project management

 Staffing

 Funding

 Monitoring and control

 The Pioneer of Rural Development
Philippine Rural Reconstruction
Movement (PRRM)
Founded in 1952, it traces its roots to China
where, in the early 1900s, the rural
reconstruction movement was born,
inspired and led by Dr. Y. C. James Yen “Yen
Yangchu”.
PRRM…
 A movement committed to the caused of the
Filipino peasant, began as a small group of
prominent Filipinos led by Dean Conrado
Benitez of the University of the Philippines.
 The first NGO to send its workers to the villages
to implement its integrated, fourfold program of
education, livelihood, health, and self-
governance.
PRRM…
 It pioneered a whole era of rural development
and local democracy in the country
 It pioneered the establishment of an elected
barrio government
 Today’s Barangay Council can be claimed by
PRRM as one of its contributions to grassroots
democracy.
 Inspired the formation of similar national
movements in Colombia, Guatemala, Ghana,
India and Thailand.
PRRM…
 Envisions a world of equity and sustainability. The
future is one where society is free of ignorance,
poverty, disease, and powerlessness; and
development takes place within the environment’s
carrying capacity.
 Mission

To enhance the capacity of rural communities in

the planning, advocacy and implementation of
sustainable development, through an integrated
program of education, livelihood, health, habitat,
environment, and self-governance.
Credo of PRRM…
Go to the people
Live among them
Learn from them
Plan with them
Work with them
Start with what they know
Build on what they have
Teach by showing
Learn by doing
Not a showcase but a pattern
Not odds and ends but a system
Not piecemeal but integrated approach
Not to conform but to transform
NOT RELIEF BUT RELEASE
Areas of Operation
 Luzon
Albay, Bataan, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte, Cavite,
Ifugao, Marindugue, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya and
Quezon Province
 Visayas

Negros Occidental
 Mindanao

Camiguin and Cotabato

Core Features of the PRRM Approach
 Strengthening Civil Society Capacities and Movements
 Learning for Sustainability
 Influencing Public Policy, Promoting Development
Cooperation
 Developing and Implementing Innovative Field
Programs and Projects
Thematic Areas PRRM’s Work
 Protecting the Environment, Managing the Resource
Base
 Building Sustainable Livelihood
 Ensuring Access to Basic Services, Enhancing Human
Development
 Responding to Disaster Situations, Reducing
Community Vulnerabilities
 Celebrates 79 years of advancing the
rights and interest of the world’s
children !

Creating equal opportunities for all Filipino children

Promoting child rights

to end child poverty
25
What is Plan?
Founded in 1937, Plan is an
international, humanitarian, child-
centered development
organization without religious,
political or governmental
affiliation.
Child sponsorship is the basic
foundation of the organization.
 A world in which all SPONSORS
children realize their
full potentials in
societies that respect
people’s rights and
dignity.

PLAN seeks to achieve:

Lasting improvements
in the quality of life
SPONSORED CHILDREN
of deprived children
in developing countries  enabling
deprived  building
through a process that children, their relationships to  promoting
unites people across families, and increase the rights and
cultures and add communities to understanding and interests of the
meaning and value to meet their basic unity among peoples world’s
their lives by: needs of different cultures children.
and countries

Promoting child rights to end child poverty

27
Its humble
“This is Jose. I am his father.
beginnings… When Santander falls, I shall be
shot. Please whoever finds my son,
take care of him for me.”

John Langdon Davies

Eric Muggeridge

Promoting child rightsEleanor Roosevelt

to end child poverty
Its humble
beginnings…

Carlos P. Romulo
United Nations General Assembly

Secretary General

1961
Promoting child rights to end child poverty
 Around the world, Plan has. . .
50 program countries – 84 M Children supported
20 Donor Countries (National Organizations)

Promoting child rights to end child poverty

Plan’s lifeblood comes from the support
of generous sponsors from 20
developed nations namely:
• Australia • Germany
• Spain
• Belgium • Ireland
• Thailand
• Brazil • India
• United
• Canada • Japan Kingdom
• Columbia • Norway • United States
• Denmark • Netherlands
• France • Sweden
• Finland • Switzerland,
Plan’s currently operates in 50 developing
countries namely:

Albania, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil,

Burkina, Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, China,
Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Guatemala, Guinea, Bissau, Haiti, Honduras,
India, Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,
Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Senegal, Sierra, Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam,
Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
 Plan in the
Philippines .
Country
Office North
Samar

Occ. National East

Mindoro •Luzon Program Unit Samar

West
Samar

Masbate

•Visayas

Southern
Leyte

Davao

•N •Mindanao

•W •E
7 Provinces
32 municipalities
•S 427 villages
•0•0 •0 •1•0•0 •2•0•0 •3•0•0 •4•0•0 •M
••il•e•s
 Low Child Participation
Disaster and
Malnutrition Climate
Change issues

Poor Sanitation &

Child trafficking Hygiene

What brought Plan

Low Family Income here? Poor Child health

Child Abuse No access to basic

services

Low School Completion Rate

Promoting child rights to end child poverty

How Plan addresses these problems?

Gender Equality
and Inclusion
Health
Education

Children/ Youth
Engagement Protection
Disaster and
Climate Risk
Reduction

Promoting child rights to end child poverty

 How does Plan Work?
Child-Centered Community Development
A rights based approach
in which children, families and communities
are active and leading participants in their own
development.
It enhances their capacity & opportunity to
work together with others
to address structural causes and consequences of
child poverty at all levels.

Promoting child rights to end child poverty

Rights-based
Approach

Changes in
Strengthen
-Policies
accountability
-Practices
of duty bearers
Duty bearers -Institutions
Plan with -Attitudes
partners -Participation
Children -Equality, etc.
Support children to (and their
demand their rights representatives)
Changes in
children’s lives

CCCD
Promoting child rights to end child poverty
 What is new and different in
child rights-based programming?

Child Rights Situation Analysis

Strategy #1 Strategy #2 Strategy #3
Direct Strengthen the
actions on violations capacity of duty
bearers to meet their (policies, advocacies
of children’s rights
obligations and practice & legislation)
and gaps in empower rights
provision holders, especially
the marginalized, to
claim their rights.

Resources Needed/Organizational Capacity

Promoting child rights to end child poverty
 What have it
done in the
past years?
Promoting child rights
to end child poverty
39
 Establishment and support Emergency Response
to WCPU and partners Rehabilitation and Recovery

Construction of Support to
Provision of ECCD Kits
Day Care Centers children’s health
and play/arts materials
and medical
Support to SCs assistance Provision of play/arts
Livelihood
Construction of materials; furnitures for
Class assistance/IMs school latrines Kinder
support
Organizing and
Construction of Domestic provision of support to
Latrines CMP groups
Capacity Building for children, Constructed and
families and communities Equipped Birthing
Facilities
Construction of
Constructed Level II school kitchen Constructed/repaired
Water Systems School Buildings

DRR Program and provision of Scholarship for

Establishment of support Marginalize Children
Health Post (Elem/HS/Voctech)
References
http://www3.fundsforngos.org/cat/1-1-
what-is-a-non-governmental-organization/
http://www.prrm.org/
www.plan-international.org
THANK YOU!