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System Analysis
1. System Objective : Many times it is observed that the system are historically
in operation and have lost their main purpose. Since we are going to develop
a computer based system, it is necessary to redefine the objectives.
2. System Boundaries: It will define system scope and coverage. This helps to
understand the functional boundaries of the system, department
boundaries and people involved in the system.
1. Feasibility Study
2. Requirement analysis
3. Structured analysis
Feasibility Study: It is the process of determining whether a system is
appropriate in the context of organizational resource and constraints and
meets the user requirements.
1. Economic Feasibility
2. Technical Feasibility
3. Operational Feasibility
4. Legal Feasibility
Economic Feasibility: Determination of whether the given system is economically
viable. It is done through Cost/benefit analysis.
It is the crucial stage of system analysis in which an analysis is done who requires
what information in what form and when.
In analyzing the present system and future requirements , the analyst collects a
great deal of relatively unstructured data through different procedures. The
traditional approach is to convert the data into Flowcharts which support
future development of the system.
The main objective is to produce a model of the system. It has two levels .
1. Top level design/ Logical Design/ Conceptual Design: In this the system is
broken down into different modules and their relationship to each other
as they appear to users. It shows what the system will do as opposed to
how it is actually implemented physically. It contains input/ output
specifications.
2. Detailed Design/ Physical Design: In this the focus is given on the internal
design of each module. The main objective is to describe the system in
such details , so that the development or coding phase can begin
Logical Design Physical Design
System Procedure
Specifications Specifications
1. Tabular Form: Financial data, sales data and inventory data can be well
presented in Tabular Form
4. Screen Display Form: Sometimes printed report is not required and can be
shown in the Display Screen.
Input Design
1. Form Design: Form can be printed or online which are filled by users to enter
information in the system.
3. Design Data Entry: Data entry can be made automated for speed and
accuracy. Techniques like MICR (Magnetic Ink character recognition) and OCR
(Optical character recognition).
Storage Design
Data can be stored in individual files with one file for each application or
database can be developed which can be shared by different users as the need
arises. Database can be either centralized or distributed.
Processing Design
It focuses on s/w resources that is, the programs needed by the proposed
information system. It involves developing detailed specifications for the
program modules.
Procedure Design
It specifies how the computer will function from data entry stage to output
stage. The procedure indicates the logic of data processing and flow of the
system control step by step. The steps in the procedure are shown in the
computer system flow chart.
Documentation
2. Secondary Users : Documentation for persons who enter data in the system
DFD’s are widely used graphic tools for describing the movement of data within
or outside the system. DFD uses diagram , which quickly convey to both the
software developers and users, how the current system is working and how the
proposed system will work.
Symbols Used in DFD
Example of DFD
Flowchart
It is a graphic design tool that depicts sequence of processing steps used in an entire
information system. Two types of flowchart
DFD shows how data flow from one entity to another and what transformation in
data takes place, whereas a flowchart describes the steps that must be completed
in a particular sequence to complete an action.
Flowchart
Structured Design
Structured Design is a data flow based designing method. This method begins
with system specifications that identify inputs and outputs and functional
aspects of the system.
3. Couple: represents data items that move from one module to another and is
shown by a circular tail in the structured chart.
Object oriented Development
Entities having data together with operations that can be performed on the
data is called an object. This approach tends to reduce cost and time of writing
programs because objects are reusable.
Difference between Object oriented and traditional development
approach
“Testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors.”
1. If the system has any error, this may appear much later. Thus it will require
much more time to correct the error
The concept of CASE is emerged in 1980’s and after the development of OOD
during 1990’s. CASE vendors began developing tools for object oriented
development.
Types of Testing
3. System Testing: The complete software is tested to find the errors and
faults. Special test cases are prepared to test the complete system.