Performance Monitoring (PM) & Compliance Monitoring (CM)

LD-P2M2 TOOLS PERFORMANCE MONITORING (PM) RECOMMENDED LIMITS MONITORING LOCATIONS FREQUENCIES
PARAMETERS/ STATUS

Sediment Basin / Trap  Turbidity *50 NTU • In the plant operation (Point 1) Every day or after rain event (in-situ).
 Total Suspended *50 mg/l • 50 meter out from the plant Take photo.
 Solid (TSS) Sediment level (Point 2)
• 200 meter (point 3) out from
point 2
• 1 km meter (point 4) out from
Perimeter Drain Performance - point 3
• Residential area
Earth Drain with Check Dam -
Quarterly
Sediment level
Wash Trough -
Temporary or permanent Structure and Performance -
waterway crossing
(culvert/bridge

Note:* National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS), Department of Environment,
Malaysia (DOE).
Activity Regulated Parameters Applicable Standards Monitoring Locations Frequencies

Air Quality PM10 *150 μg/m3 Three (3) points Quarterly

PM2.5 *75 μg/m3

**Noise LAeq Day: 55 dBA Night: 45 dBA Three (3) points

*** Water Quality Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 50 mg/L Twenty (20) points

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3 mg/l

(BOD)

pH 6.0~9.0

Turbidity 50

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 5~7 mg/L

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 25 mg/L

* New Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard, Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE).

** The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control, Schedule 1, Department of
Environment Malaysia (DOE).
Impact Monitoring (IM)
Impact Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Locations Frequencies

* Air pollution PM10

PM2.5 Three (3) points Quarterly
** Noise Annoyance LAeq
*** Water Pollution Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Twenty (20) points Monthly

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

pH
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Nitrogen (N)
Phosphate (P)
Potassium (K)

* New Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard, Department of Environment, Malaysia (DOE).
** The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control, Schedule 1, Department of
Environment, Malaysia (DOE).
*** National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS), Department of Environment, Malaysia
(DOE).
The Main Stages of Cost- Benefit Analysis
Define the decision what technology used

Decide the criteria and parameter

Calculate the economic benefits

Economic Cost

The Net Benefits Stream

Define the decision what technology used:
• Ethanol is used is many different products ranging from perfumes to
explosives. It is mixable in all proportions with water and most
organic solvents.
• In this plant, green technology is applied where waste raw material is
used as the crucial part in making ethanol where the waste is rice
straw and other than that is by using environmental friendly method
to pre-treatment of this rice straw like water to hydrolyse polymer
molecule in rice straw then it still using conventional method to
fermentation of glucose to convert to bioethanol.
 Decide the criteria and parameters
• Project life of the plant = 13 years
• The payback period:
Non-discounted = 1.8 year
Discounted = 2.4 year
• Discounted rate:
Discounted Cash Flow Rate = 17.92%
• Categories of benefits and costs
The cost of injuries
The value of environmental impact
The social Cost of One Ton of Air pollution
• Categories of benefits and costs
(a) The cost of injuries (US dollar)
Level PDO 1 2 3 4 5 6 (Fatal)

Workplace Costs 64 313 2,428 5,303 5,839 10,182 10,817

Medical 0 2,999 19,432 57,796 163,222 413,268 27,466

Total 62 3,312 21,870 63,099 169,061 432,450 38,283

(b)The social cost of one ton of Air pollution
Plug in Category Number of Studies Shadow Price Value (US Dollar)
Minimum Median Mean Maximum
Particulate Matter (PM10) 12 $1,454 $4,248 $6,579 $24,786

Volatile Organic 5 $245 $2,142 $2,448 $6,732

Compound

Carbon dioxide 4 $3 $21 $20 $35

(c) The value of environmental impact (US Dollar)

Plug In Category Shadow Price Value

Existence Value of Habitats such as Terrestrial $32-$122 per household per year

Water Values by Use

 Waste Disposal $4.14
 Industrial Processing $390.67
Economic Benefit 114, 000 tonnes
bioethanol

• Total raw material used = RM 44,818,153.03

• Annual Profit = RM 370,451,818.4
• Income Taxes = RM 148,180,727.4
• Net Annual Profit = RM 222,271,086
• Breakeven point = 31,643.3034 tonnes
At value 31,643.3032 tonnes or more than it ethanol produces in this plants, the plant making profit
after this value has reached and below the value of it the plants still have to sell the ethanol product
to cover the fixed capital
Economic Cost
• Capital Cost = RM 127535328.1
• Fixed capital investment = RM 110,900,285.03
• Utilities = RM 1,734,689.405/YR
The Net Benefit Stream

Project life time = 13 years

Year that make profit start = 3rd year
Discounted Profitability

Discounted payback period = 2.4 year