Gardner’s

EIGHT INTELLIGENCES
Who is Howard Gardner?
• Howard Gardner is a psychologist
and Professor at Harvard
University's Graduate School of
Education.

• Based on his study of many people,

Gardner developed the theory of
multiple intelligences.

• According to Gardner, 8 different

types of intelligence are displayed
by humans.
 Howard Gardner’s theory
• Howard Gardner defines intelligence as "the
capacity to solve problems or to fashion
products that are valued in one or more
cultural setting.”
 Howard Gardner’s theory
Gardner’s new outlook on intelligence types differs
greatly from the traditional view that recognizes
only two intelligences, verbal and
mathematical.
Gardner’s Intelligence Types
 Gardner’s Intelligence Types
1. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
2. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
3. Spatial Intelligence
4. Musical Intelligence
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
6. Interpersonal Intelligence
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
8. Naturalist Intelligence
Gardner’s Intelligence Types

LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL
INTELLIGENCE
 Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

consists of the ability to:

• detect patterns
• reason deductively
• think logically
• This intelligence is most often associated
with scientific and mathematical
thinking.
Famous examples: Albert Einstein, John Dewey.
 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

VERBAL-LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE
 Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
• involves having a mastery of language
• includes the ability to manipulate language
to express oneself rhetorically or poetically.
• It also allows one to use language as a means
to remember information.
Famous examples: Charles Dickens, Abraham Lincoln, T.S.
Eliot, Sir Winston Churchill.
 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE
 Spatial Intelligence
• the ability to manipulate and create
mental images in order to solve
problems.
• a talent to move items into visually
balanced or pleasing arrangements

Famous examples: Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright

 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE
 Musical Intelligence
• the capability to recognize and compose
musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.
• Auditory functions are required for a
person to develop this intelligence in
relation to pitch and tone, but these
functions would not be needed for the
knowledge of rhythm.

Famous examples: Mozart, Leonard Bernstein, Ray Charles

 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

BODILY-KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE
 Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

• ability to use one's mental abilities to coordinate one's

own bodily movements. (This intelligence challenges
the popular belief that mental and physical activity are
unrelated. )
• ability to use the body skillfully to solve problems,
create products or present ideas and emotions.
• ability obviously displayed for athletic pursuits,
dancing, acting, or in building and construction.

Famous examples: Charlie Chaplin, Michael Jordan.

 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE
 Interpersonal Intelligence
• ability to work effectively with others
• ability to relate to other people
• display empathy and understanding
• notice their motivations and goals.
• This is a vital human intelligence displayed by good
teachers, facilitators, therapists, politicians, religious
leaders and sales people.

Famous examples: Gandhi, Ronald Reagan, Mother

Teresa, Oprah Winfrey.
 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE
 Intrapersonal Intelligence
The ability for self-analysis & reflection–to:

• quietly contemplate and assess one's accomplishments

• review one's behavior and innermost feelings
• make plans and set goals
• know oneself

• Philosophers, counselors, and many peak performers in

all fields of endeavor have this form of intelligence.

Famous examples: Freud, Eleanor Roosevelt, Plato.

 Gardner’s Intelligence Types

NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE
 Naturalist Intelligence
• ability to discriminate among living things
(plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other
features of the natural world (weather, geology).
• to make distinctions in the natural world and to use
this ability productively–for example in hunting,
farming, or biological science.
• Farmers, hunters, botanists, veterinarians,
conservationists, biologists, meteorologists would
all display aspects of the intelligence.
Famous examples: Charles Darwin, Rachel Carson.
Q: Can people have
more than one
intelligence type?
 A: YES!
• Although one intelligence type may be more
dominant, Gardner claims that the eight
intelligences very rarely operate alone.

• The intelligences are used together and

typically complement each other as people
develop skills or solve problems.
 For example…
A dancer must have…
• strong musical intelligence to understand the rhythm
and variations of the music

• bodily-kinesthetic intelligence to provide the agility and

coordination to complete the movements successfully

• interpersonal intelligence to understand how to inspire

or emotionally guide the audience through his/her
movements
The End.