Leaving for Hong Kong and

Manila and Exile in Dapitan

 On the Way to the Orient
 On October 18, 1891, Jose Rizal decided to go home; Jose Ma. Basa secured a first
class steamer ticket from Europe to Hong Kong

 The Steamship went to different stopovers:

 Alexandria
 Aden
 Colombo
 On the Way to the Orient
 Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on November 20, 1891

 Jose Rizal also practiced medicine in order to support himself and his family in
Hong Kong

 Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques introduced his clients to Rizal

 Dr. Rizal became a well-known medicine practitioner in Hong Kong

 Reasons Why Rizal Returned to Manila
 Borneo Colonization Project
 It aimed provide resettlements for the landless Filipinos who were evicted in the
Calamba Agrarian Trouble
 Rizal wanted to call North Borneo as the “New Calamba”
 On March 7, 1892, Rizal decided pursue his plan to establish a Filipino colony /
community in Sabah
 To establish the La Liga Filipina
 To prove that Eduardo de Lete’s accusation was wrong
 Rizal in Manila

 While Jose Rizal was aboard the SS Melbourne for Manila, the Spanish
authorities were planning to arrest him

 Upon his departure in Hong Kong, the Spanish consul-general immediately sent
a cablegram to Spanish Governor-General Despujol – “The rat is in the trap”

 Five days before his arrival in Manila, the Spanish Authorities filed a case against
Rizal and his followers

 The Spanish Governor-General also made sure that Jose Rizal had not acquired
German citizenship so as to supply appropriate actions against one who had
protection of a strong nation
 Rizal in Manila

 Rizal was accompanied by his sister, Lucia, when he arrived in Manila on June
26, 1892 at 12 o’ clock noon

 He decided to personally visit Governor-General Despujol in Malacanang

Palace only to know that the Governor-General was unavailable
 Reunion with Friends in Central Luzon

 On June 27, 1892, at around six o’ clock in the evening, Rizal boarded a train in
Tutuban Station to see his friends in Tarlac, Pampanga, and Bulacan

 Rizal was warmly welcomed by his friends in Central Luzon although his visit was
abrupt and unexpected

 While Rizal was in Central Luzon, the Spanish government officials were
conducting illegal raids and arbitrary seizure of subversive materials
 Establishment of La Liga Filipina
 Beginnings
 Jose Rizal launched another reform movement after his return on July 3, 1892; it was
founded in Doroteo Onjunco’s house at No. 176 Ilaya St. Tondo, Manila

 Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All) was the motto of La Liga Filipina
 Establishment of La Liga Filipina
 Beginnings
 Filipino reformists who attended the La Liga Filipina meeting:
 Establishment of La Liga Filipina
 To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous
body

 To have a mutual protection for all in every want and necessity

 To establish defense against violence and injustice

 To study and apply the needed reforms in the Philippines

 Establishment of La Liga Filipina
 Organizational Structure
 It was governed by Supreme Council that had a national jurisdiction which was
composed of a president, secretary, treasurer, and fiscal
 It also had a Provincial Council and Popular Council
 Officers of the Supreme Council
 Ambrosio Salvador - President
 Deodato Arellano - Secretary
 Bonifacio Arevalo - Treasurer
 Agustin De La Rosa - Fiscal
 Establishment of La Liga Filipina
 Duties
 To obey the orders of the Supreme Council
 To help in recruiting new members
 To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the movement’s authorities
 To have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of
his council
 To report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the government
 To behave well as befits a good Filipino
 To help fellow members in all ways
 Rizal in Fort Santiago
 Three days after his last meeting with Governor-General Despujol, Rizal was
arrested and detained in Fort Santiago

 While he was presenting his proposals for socio-political reforms, Governor-

General Despujol presented pamphlets which contained subversive leaflets
written by Father Jacinto – Pobres Frailes (Poor Friar)

 Jose Rizal denied the accusation of Despujol that neither he nor Lucia possessed
this subversive material; he argued that they were cleared even before they
arrived in the Philippines from Hong Kong
 Rizal in Fort Santiago
 Rizal described the garrison unit as:
 A room with a decent bed, one table, 12 chairs, a wash basin, and a mirror

 Three windows:
 First window – without grill (linked to patio)
 Second window – with grill (facing the beach and walls)
 Third window – with grill (facing a door with a padlock)
 Exile in Dapitan
 Reasons why Rizal was exiled in Dapitan:
 Rizal wrote and published several subversive literary works such as the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo

 The retrieval of anti-government(subversive) leaflets in their baggage(together with

his Lucia) when they arrived in Manila from Hong Kong

 Rizal’s “El Filibusterismo” was dedicated to GOMBURZA

 The Spanish authorities also argued that the main purpose of his literary masterpieces
was to separate the Philippines from the spiritual ideologies of the Church
Exile in Dapitan
 Exile in Dapitan
 Jose Rizal was ordered to reside at the parish convent while he was in exile; but he
chose to stay at the house of Commandant Ricardo Carcinero

 Conditions given by the Spanish Government to Jose Rizal while he was in exile:
 That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were
clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution
 That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life
 That he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of
religion

 Jose Rizal established a good relationship with Ricardo Carcinero; as a

manifestation of his gratitude to the Spanish officer, he composed a poem entitled
A Don Ricardo Carcinero
 Exile in Dapitan
 Luck in Lottery
 Jose Rizal, Ricardo Carcinero, and Francisco Esquillor won the second prize in Manila
Lottery, which amounted to 20,000 pesos

 The result of the Manila Lottery was carried by a mail boat named Butuan; it was
mistaken by Carcinero as vessel of a high Spanish official

 The cash prize was divided into three; Jose Rizal got his share with amount of 6,600
pesos

 He spent half of the prize money acquiring, tilting, and developing a neglected piece
of seaside property; he sent the other half to his father
 Exile in Dapitan
 Debates on Religion
 The debate between Rizal and Father Pastells started when the friar asked him to
refrain from practicing his Anti-Catholic beliefs

 While in Dapitan, Father Pastrells attempted to bring back Rizal into Catholicism

 Jose Rizal had nothing against the Catholic faith, what he protested was the
capricious exercise of the friar’s religious powers and their misuse of Catholic faith as a
shield, weapon, castle, fortress, armor, etc.
 Exile in Dapitan
 Debates on Religion
 Father Pablo Pastells argued that the divine reason supersedes corporeal knowledge
and wisdom; the friar pointed out that the corporeal intelligence is limited as
compared to the infinite knowledge of God

 The two remained friends despite their debate about religion

 Father Pastells gave him a copy of Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of Christ) written by
Father Thomas a Kempis; in return, Jose Rizal gave him a bust of St. Paul
 “Scientific Rizal”
 The discovery of Draco rizali, Apogania rizali, and Rhacophorus rizali took place
when Jose Rizal facilitated an education tour with his students in the jungles
and coasts of Talisay

 Rizal also collected rare species of shells, plants, snakes, birds, and lizards; he
sent these organisms to the Dresden Museum

 Jose Rizal studied Conchology, which showcases various kinds of shells

representing 203 species

 He also busied himself by studying geography, geology, archaeology,

ethnography, and anthropology
 Dr. Aleman in Dapitan
 Rizal’s patients mostly belonged in the underprivileged class

 It was during this time when Jose Rizal successfully operated on his mother’s
right eye

 Jose Rizal’s patients came from different parts of the Philippines such as Cebu,
Bohol, Luzon, Negros, and Panay

 For poor patients who could not afford to buy manufactured medicines, Jose
Rizal prescribed them to take herbal medicines.