System Analysis and Design

Lesson 1

Dileeka Alwis
Lecturer, NSBM - School of Computing

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 1

 Module Content
• System Concept
• Feasibility Study
• System Development Life Cycle
• System Investigation and Analysis
• System Design Techniques
• Object Oriented Analysis & Design
• Design Considerations of Batch & Demand Processing
Systems
• System Security, System Documentation & Human
Computer Interface
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 2
 Recommended Reading

• System Analysis & Design by John W. Satzinger, Robert B.

Jackson & Stephen D.Burd

• Software Engineering by R.S. Pressman.

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 3

 What is a System?
• A collection of interrelated components that function
together to achieve some tasks.

• It is simply a group of activities and elements, which have

been arranged to achieve a certain objective.

• A collection of several interrelated subsystems.

Eg: ????

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 4

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 5
 Information System (IS)
• A collection of interrelated components used to collect,
process, store, retrieve & distribute information which
support to complete daily business operations in an
organization.

• It helps in planning, controlling, coordinating, analyzing &

decision making in business organizations.

• Also helps to increase productivity and efficiency of

organizations.

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 6

 Elements of an Information System

• It consists of
- Input
- Process
- Output
- Storage

• Data is entered to the system.

• Processing converts data into information.
• Information is either stored or distributed as outputs.

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 7

 Importance of an IS to an organization

• Information should have a high quality and accuracy.

• Organizations need to analyze data to make strategic and
timely decisions.
• Information must be organized, managed and distributed
effectively.
• The success of a business depends on the information
system.
• An effective information system should be able to exceed
customer expectations and fulfill business needs.
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 8
Factors affect to Information Systems

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 9

 Types of Information Systems
• Mainly there are two types of IS.

• Manual Information Systems

- All the business activities are performed manually.
- High Paper work.
- Many employees are required.

• Computerized Information Systems

- The business activities are performed with the help of computer
related components and technologies.
- Hardware, Software, Networking, Database, Internet etc.
- Less Paper work.
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 10
Manual Information System

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 11

What are the advantages and
disadvantages of Manual
Information Systems?

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 12

 Disadvantages
• Time consuming
• Data Redundancy (Duplication)
• Less accuracy
• Less data integrity
• Difficult in retrieving information
• Need large storage space
• Need many employees
• Less security to data & information
• Less confidentiality
• Difficult to share information
• Documents get damaged and destroyed easily
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 13
 Advantages
• Less implementation and maintenance cost
• People will get many jobs
• No need to train employees much
• No need technical knowledge

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 14

Computerized Information System

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 15

Advantages Computerized Information
Systems
• Less data redundancy (duplication)
• Reduce unnecessary cost and wastage
• Increase data accuracy and integrity
• Increase data security and confidentiality
• Offer services with greater customer satisfaction
• Handle business processes at a greater speed
• Increase the productivity and efficiency
• Streamline business processes
• Achieve better profitability levels
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 16
 Disadvantages Computerized
Information Systems
• Implementation Expenses
- Initial cost to set up the system is high

• Job Elimination
- Some people will loose their jobs

• Technical knowledge and skills required

• Maintenance cost will be high
• Cost for training employees
• High risk for data lost
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 17
 Types of IS used in an organization
• Since organizations perform different types of activities,
there are many different types of information systems.

- Transaction Processing Systems

- Office Automation Systems
- Knowledge Work Systems
- Management Information Systems
- Decision Support Systems
- Expert Systems
- Executive Information Systems
System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 18
Hierarchy of Information Systems

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 19

 Functional Decomposition
• A system consists of interrelated components that
function together.

• The process of dividing a system into several components

is called as “Functional Decomposition”.

Sub System
• A system which becomes a part of another system.

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 20

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 21
 System Boundary
• Every system has a boundary between it & its
environment.

• Any inputs or outputs must cross the system boundary.

- Defining the inputs and outputs of a system is an important
part of systems analysis and design.

• In an information system, people are key components.

They complete the tasks of the manual part of the system.

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 22

 Automated Boundary
• Automation Boundary is the automated part of the system,
where the work is done by computers.

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 23

System Analysis & Design - Lesson 1 24