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Sampling and
Sampling
Distributions
• N = 30
• n=6
• N=
30
• n=6
© 2002 Thomson / South-Western Slide 7-11
Stratified Random Sample
• Population is divided into nonoverlapping
subpopulations called strata
• A random sample is selected from each
stratum
• Potential for reducing sampling error
• Proportionate -- the percentage of thee
sample taken from each stratum is
proportionate to the percentage that each
stratum is within the population
• Disproportionate -- proportions of the
strata within the sample are different than
the proportions of the strata within the
population
© 2002 Thomson / South-Western Slide 7-12
Stratified Random Sample:
Population of FM Radio Listeners
Stratified by Age
20 - 30 years old
(homogeneous within)
(alike) Hetergeneous
(different)
30 - 40 years old between
(homogeneous within)
(alike) Hetergeneous
(different)
40 - 50 years old between
(homogeneous within)
(alike)
• Grand Forks
• Fargo • Portland
Select a
random sample
© 2002 Thomson / South-Western Slide 7-21
Distribution of a
Small Finite Population
0
52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5
20
15
10
Frequency
Z
X X
X
X
n
.4207 .4207
85 87 X 0 1.41 Z
X - 87 85 2
Z= 1. 41
9 1. 42 Equal Areas
n 40 of .0793
.2415 .2415
• Finite Correction N n
Factor
N 1
X
• Modified Z Formula Z
N n
n N 1
• Sampling Distribution
• Approximately normal if nP > 5 and nQ > 5 (P
is the population proportion and Q = 1 - P.)
• The mean of the distribution is P.
Q
• The standard deviation of the distribution is P
n
. 15 p P ( Z 1. 49 )
P ( p . 15 ) P Z . 5 P ( 0 Z 1. 49 )
p . 5 . 4319
. 0681
© 2002 Thomson / South-Western Slide 7-37
Graphic Solution
for Demonstration Problem 7.3
p
0. 0335 1
.5000 .5000
.4319 .4319
^
0.10 0.15 p 0 1.49 Z
p P 0.15 0.10 0. 05
Z= 1. 49
PQ (.10)(. 90) 0. 0335
n 80
© 2002 Thomson / South-Western Slide 7-38