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 Blood pressure is determined both by the
amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount
of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The
What is more blood your heart pumps and the narrower
hypertension ? your arteries, the higher your blood pressure.
High blood pressure is a common
condition in which the long-term force of the blood
against your artery walls is high enough that it may
eventually cause health problems, such as heart
disease.
 How we know
that we have
hypertension ?

A few people with high blood pressure may have :

• Headaches.
• Dizzy.
• shortness of breath.
• frequent nosebleeds.
• sensitive and easy to get angry.
• easy to fatigue.
but these signs and symptoms aren't specific and
usually don't occur until high blood pressure has
reached a severe or life-threatening stage.
 Primary (essential) Hypertension
Why we can have For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of
high blood pressure, called primary (essential) hypertension, tends to develop gradually over
hypertension ?
many years.

Secondary Hypertension
Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type
of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause
higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Various conditions and medications
can lead to secondary hypertension, including:
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Kidney problems
• Adrenal gland tumors
• Thyroid problems
• Certain defects in blood vessels you're born with (congenital)
• Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, over-the-
counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs
• Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines
• Alcohol abuse or chronic alcohol use
General Causes
• Age
• Race
• Family history
• Being overweight or obese
• Not being physically active
• Using tobacco
• Too much salt (sodium) in your diet
• Too little potassium in your diet
• Too little vitamin D in your diet
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Stress
• Certain chronic condition
 Medications to treat high blood pressure
• Thiazide Diuretics
How to treat • Beta blockers
hypertension • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
• Calcium channel blockers
• Renin inhibitors

Additional medications sometimes used to treat high

blood pressure
• Alpha blockers
• Alpha-beta blockers
• Central-acting agents
• Vasodilators
• Aldosterone antagonists
 Alternative Medicine
• Fiber, such as blond psyllium and wheat bran
• Minerals, such as magnesium, calcium and potassium
• Folic acid
• Supplements or products that increase nitric oxide or widen blood
vessels (vasodilators), such as cocoa, coenzyme Q10, L-arginine or
garlic
• Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, fish oil supplements or
flaxseed