Prepared by

DEEPASHREE A P
Asst.Prof
VCET PUTTUR
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Syllabus

2/18/2018 vcet puttur EC DEPT 2

 Communication process

Transmission of information
from one point to another.
Telephones, Radio, Televisions,
Computer

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 Elements of
Communication Systems


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Information Source
 Speech, Video, Text….

Transmitter Modulation

Channel Point to point, Broadcast channels

Receiver Demodulation

Destination Speech, Video, Text….

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 Base band signal

 is a band of frequencies occupied by a message
signal.
 FREQUENCY RANGES ARE
 Range of Audio Frequency:20Hz to 20 KHz
 Range of Radio Frequency: 10 KHz to 1000GHz
 Modulation is the process of changing the
characteristics of the carrier signal with respect to
that of the message signal..

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 Need for Modulation

Reduces height of antenna
Avoids mixing of signals
Increases the range of communication
Allows multiplexing of signals
Allows adjustment in the bandwidth
Improves the quality of reception.
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 Types of modulation


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 AM

 Definition: Amplitude of carrier is varied with
modulating signal

video

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 FM

Definition: Frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with
message signal

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 PM

Definition: Phase of the carrier is varied with modulating signal

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 Pulse modulation-
analog

PAM: Amplitude of
periodic sequential pulses
are varied in accordance
with sample values of base
band signal

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 
PDM : Duration of periodic
sequential pulses are varied
in accordance with sample
values of baseband signal

PPM: position of periodic

sequential pulses are varied
in accordance with sample
values of baseband signal

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 AM


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 Time domain description


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 Frequency domain description


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 Single tone modulation


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 derivation

 Average power
 Effective voltage & current

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 Switching modulator


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 Cotd………..


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 Envelop detector


M. I <= 1

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 DSBSC


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 Time domain description


• Frequency deviation is the maximum frequency

change between a modulated and un modulated
carrier signal.

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 Frequency domain description


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 DSBSC generation


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 Balanced modulator using ring


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 +ve H.C


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 -ve H.C


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 Coherent detection


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 QAM TXR


• It enables 2 DSBSC signals to occupy the same

channel B.W

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 QAM RXR


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 Costas receiver


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 SSB


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 VSB generation


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 VSB transmission to analog & digital


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 Frequency translate


• MIXER is a electronic circuit that combines two

frequencies.
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 FDM


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