Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
o introduction
o Atmosphere and its Composition
o Types and Sources of Air Pollution
o Major Classes of Air Pollutants
o Sources of Outdoor Air Pollutants
o Urban Air Pollution as Acid Deposition
o Effects of Air Pollution
o Controlling Air Pollution in CH-Engineering ways
o conclusion
Introduction
‘’Air Pollution’’ is the introduction of particulates,
biological molecules, and another harmful substances
into Earth’s atmosphere, causing diseases, allergies,
death to humans, damage to other living organisms
such as animals and food crops, or the natural built
environment.
Environmental protection and making use of our
natural resources efficiently are two of the most
pressing demands in the present stage of our
development.
Atmosphere and its Composition
o Atmospheric Composition
• Nitrogen 78.08%
• Oxygen 20.95%
• Argon 0.93%
• Carbon dioxide 0.04%
Others gases in ppm
• CH4- 1.00-1.50
• N2O- 0.50-0.70
• CO- 0.10-0.12
• O3- 0.01
• NO2- 0.01 & SO2- 0.0002.
Type & Sources of Air Pollution
o Two categories
o Particulate Material
o Nitrogen Oxides
o Sulfur Oxides
o Carbon Oxides
o Hydrocarbons
o Ozone
Particulate Material
o Nitrogen Oxides(NOx)
• Gases produced by the chemical interactions between
atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature
• Problems
• Greenhouse gases
• Cause difficulty breathing
o Sulfur Oxides(SOx)
• Gases produced by the chemical interactions between
sulfur and oxygen
• Causes acid precipitation
Carbon Oxides and Hydrocarbons
o Carbon Oxides
• Gases carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide
(CO2)
• Greenhouse gases
o Hydrocarbons
• Diverse group of organic compounds that contain only
hydrogen and carbon (ex: CH4- methane)
• Some are related to photochemical smog and
greenhouse gases
Formation of Photochemical Smog
Health Effects of Air Pollution
o Sulfur Dioxide and Particulate material
• Irritate respiratory tract and impair ability of lungs to
exchange gases
o Nitrogen Dioxides
• Causes airway restriction
o Carbon monoxide
• Binds with iron in blood hemoglobin
• Causes headache, fatigue, drowsiness, death
o Ozone
• Causes burning eyes, coughing, and chest discomfort
Acid Deposition