Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction: GSM vs. WCDMA

Chapter 2 Handover Measurement

Chapter 3 Basic Handovers

Chapter 4 Blind Handover and Directed Retry

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DRD
RRC DRD
RAB DRD
RAB DRD
 Scope and Triggering Conditions
l RRC Directed Retry
[ The initial signaling connection is established, and the cell request is
rejected.
l RRC Redirection
[ The initial signaling connection is established, the cell request is
rejected, and the RRC directed retry fails. (Directed retry has a higher
priority than redirection. When the directed retry fails, redirection is
triggered after the cell request is rejected.)
l RAB Directed Retry
[ The signaling connection is successful, but services fail to be
established.
l Blind Handover
[ Inter-frequency load balancing (blind handover to inter-frequency cells)
[ RRC Directed Retry
[ RAB Directed Retry

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 More Information About the RRC Directed Retry
and Redirection
l The triggering condition is that the signaling access grant fails.
[ If no access grant is performed (directly accepted) for the signaling,
the algorithm fails. The algorithm is effective during congestion.
[ If access grant is performed for the signaling, the possibility for
triggering the RRC directed retry and redirection is low. Only when
cell congestion occurs, the possibility is high.
l Comparison of advantages and disadvantages
[ For the RRC directed retry, subscribes feel shorter delay.
[ RRC redirection is more flexible and can be used to reselected to
the GSM cell. Subscribers, however, feel longer delay.

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 RRC Directed Retry (1)
l Scenario (1)
[ Between inter-frequency overlapped coverage cells

cell1 UE initial camping cell

1 2
cell2 Inter-frequency overlapped
coverage cell of Cell1
3
Signaling process:
1 RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
2 RRC CONNECTION SETUP
3 RRC CONNETION SETUP COMPLETE

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 RRC Directed Retry (2)
l Scenario (2)
[ Between intra-frequency cells, and the UE is in the soft handover area

UE initial camping cell Soft handover area Intra-frequency neighboring cell of Cell1

cell1 cell2

2
Signaling process:
1 3
1 RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
2 RRC CONNECTION SETUP
3 RRC CONNETION SETUP COMPLETE

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 RRC Redirection
l Scenario
[ The UE fails to initiate signaling connection, and the RRC directed retry
fails.

GSM cell

Inter-freq cell 1’’ Signaling process:

1 RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
1’ 2 RRC CONNECTION REJECT
cell1 1’ The UE initiates access to the
2 specified cell of other frequencies after
cell reselection.
UE initial camping cell 1 1’’ The UE initiates access to the
specified GSM cell after inter-RAT cell
reselection

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 RAB Directed Retry
l Scenario

GSM CELL

UTRAN CELL
1 3
2

Signaling process:
CN 1 RAB Assignment (from CN)
2 SRNS relocation (to CN)
3 Handover from UTRAN ( Inform UE
access to GSM system)
4 Handover Complete (GSM message)

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 HSDPA Directed Retry Algorithm

l For newly-established services

[ When the UE establishing only signaling connection initially establishes the PS
services, the conditions for mapping to the HSDPA are met according to the
mapping principle of the channel type. The current cell, however, does not
support the HSDPA or supports the HSDPA but has insufficient resources. In
this case, the directed retry to the non-emergency blind handover cell which
supports the HSDPA and has available resources is triggered.
l For traffic volume
[ When the UE starts the handover from common channel to dedicated channel
in CELL-FACH state due to the traffic volume, the conditions for mapping to
the HSDPA are met. The current cell, however, does not support the HSDPA
or supports the HSDPA but has insufficient resources. In this case, the
directed retry to the non-emergency blind handover cell which supports the
HSDPA and has available resources is triggered.

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