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Chapter 4
Anatomy and Physiology
Liberty High School
Mr. Knowles
Tissue
• Collections of specialized cells
and cell products that perform a
specific function.
Four Types of Tissue
• Epithelial- covers exposed surfaces,
lines passageways, forms glands.
• Connective- fills internal space,
structural support, storage of energy.
• Muscle -contracts for specific
movements.
• Neural- carries information from one
part of the body to another.
Observe my Lunch
on the Front
Table!
• List three functions of the
plastic bag.
Epithelial Tissue
• Includes epithelia and glands.
• Epithelium- a layer of cells that
forms a barrier. Epithelia- plural,
many types; Epithelial is the
adjective.
• Examples: surface of skin; lining of
the digestive, respiratory,
reproductive tracts.
Functions of Epithelia
• Provide Physical Protection-
protect surfaces from abrasion,
dehydration, chemical and
biological agents.
• Control Permeability- regulates
molecules that enter or leave
through the surface.
Permeability Can Change!
Callus Corn
Functions of Epithelia
• Provides Sensation- many
sensory nerves; Ex: smell, taste,
hearing.
• Produce Specialized Secretions-
gland cells produce secretions
Some Characteristics
• Cellularity: tightly bound cells
with little space between.
• Polarity: has an exposed surface-
apical surface (faces exterior
surface ) and an attached surface-
basal surface (attached to
underlying tissue). Organelles are
distributed unevenly in these cell.
Characteristics
• Attachment: basal surface of an
epithelium is bound to a thin basement
membrane- produced by the basal
surface of epithelium and underlying
connective tissue.
• Avascularity: epithelia have no blood
vessel; epithelial cells receive nutrients
by diffusion through apical and basal
surfaces.
Characteristics
• Regeneration: cells damaged
or lost at the apical surface are
replaced constantly.
How do epithelial cells do
ALL of this?
National Geographic
magazine, November 2002
National Geographic video
Skin, November 13, 2002