Smart City

Ubiquitous Computing & Intelligent Systems

Outline
• Introduction
• Components
• Waste Management System
• Requirement, Characteristics
• Design
• Parking Assistance System
• Requirements, Characteristics
• Design
Introduction
• The concept of smart city is introduced due to rapid growth in urban
population and use of information & communication technologies.
• The cities are expected to reach 70% of the world’s population by the
end of 2050.
Components:
Components
• Smart Mobility: Smart mobility requires the use of information and
communication technologies for efficient management of urban
transport.
• Smart Environment: Greater environment sustainability through
better optimization and management of buildings, urban resources
and community for conservation of energy and reduction in harmful
emissions.
• Smart Citizen: Smart learning systems to enhance the creativity, open-
mindedness and flexibility. Online platforms are used for encouraging
the participation of people in public matters.
Components:
• Smart Living: Smart living is enhanced through the use of Internet of
Things, information & communication technologies and online
platforms for connecting people with each other and to help them
manage their homes and workplaces in a better way.
• Smart Government: The main objective is to enhance the
government’s accountability and transparency to meet the
community needs in a better way.
• Smart Economy: It requires the implementation of service and
production automation schemes to accelerate the work process.
Waste Management System
• Waste management is one of the most important aspect to achieve a smart
environment within a smart city. The solid wastes mostly consist of
garbage, residues, industrial waste, agricultural waste, electronics etc.
• Due to non-availability of proper disposal methods this waste can result in
environmental and health risks. Some of the health-related hazards are as
follows:
• Skin diseases, parasitic and intestinal problems in waste collected workers.
• Plague and flea born fever diseases exist in cats, dogs and rats.
• Dust from this waste pollutes the air causing breathing problems
Requirements Analysis
• Functional and non-functional requirements for the waste management
system.
• Smart waste bins for collection of waste.
• Central Monitoring system for monitoring, management, governance and
maintenance.
• Power source such as solar powered batteries.
• ultrasonic and proximity sensors
• Microcontroller and internet connectivity
• Waste collecting vehicles
• GPS tracking unit
Characteristics of Ubicom
• The waste management system utilizes the set of proximity and
ultrasonic sensors. Proximity sensor is used for automatic opening
and closing of the lid, hence providing context awareness.
• The ultrasonic sensors provide information about the bin’s capacity
and fill indicators. The smart bins are connected with the central
monitoring system through the wireless internet connectivity
providing distributed computing.
• The status of each bin is monitored and communicated wirelessly
without human involvement which follows implicit human computer
interaction. The waste collecting routes and schedules are optimized
using demand responsive transport systems.
Design:
Implementation:
• Sensors
• Ultrasonic
• Proximity
• ESP8266 Wi-Fi Chip
• MQTT Protocol
• Control Centre
Parking Assistance System
• The number of vehicles on the road have increased due to growing
population and economies. The need for efficient, intelligent,
innovative and economical ways for parking can have to be designed
to accommodate the parking demands with efficiency.
• To assist out drivers, some parking lots have put in parking systems
that plan to notify the drivers of open parking spots. One such
common system has sensors at every parking spot with a lightweight
which will be viewed from far. the light is on by default and solely
turns off once a vehicle occupies the parking spot.
Requirements Analysis
• Following are some of the functional and non-functional
requirements of a parking assist system.
• Ultrasonic sensors
• Arduino Uno
• Wireless XBee Shield
• Gateway Device for internet connectivity
• Database management system (MySQL)
• Webserver
Characteristics of Ubicom
• The parking assistance system consists of ultrasonic sensors for
detection of vehicles in the parking area. These sensors are providing
real time data to users providing context awareness for the proposed
system.
• The Xbee device is linked with a gateway device to communicate
through internet and autonomously updates the status of parked
vehicles or empty spaces.
• The user notification system is available on mobile device through a
webserver. These notifications provide implicit interaction with the
system. The figure shows the process flow for the parking assistance
system.
Design & Implementation
Implementation
• Sensors:
• The parking areas are equipped with the ultrasonic sensors used for detection of
vehicles. These sensors are controlled using an Arduino microcontroller. Arduino
Uno is reads the analog values from the ultrasonic sensor.
• MySQL:
• Each device is connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller that's running
LabVIEW. This program is used for communication with the MySQL database to
manage the sensor readings. These sensors need a pulse on the trigger line and
so waits for associate echo to come back on the echo line.
• User Notification:
• The information from the database is gathered and sent to a webserver. The
webserver is set up to provide services to the users in the form of smart devices
or computers. The information in the webserver is updated in real time as the
application demands.
References:
• [1] D. McLaren and J. Agyeman, Sharing Cities: A Case for Truly Smart and Sustainable Cities, MIR Press, 2015.
• [2] M. Peris, D. Bennett and D. Yabar, Sustainable Smart CIties: Creating Spaces for Technological, Social and Business
Development, Springer International Publishing, 2016.
• [3] M. Deakin and A.-W. Husam, “From Intelligent to Smart Cities,” Journal of Intelligent
Buildings International, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 302-320, 2011.
• [4] B. Cohen, “Boyd Cohen, The Smart Wheel,” 14 May 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.smart-
circle.org/smartcity/blog/boyd-cohen-the-smart-city-wheel/. [Accessed 24 1 2018].
• [5] L. Guerrero, G. Ger and H. William, “Solid Waste Management Challenges for cities in developing countries,” Waste
Management, vol. 1, no. 33, pp. 220-232, 2013.
• [6] R. Marshall and K. Farahbaksh, “Systems approaches to integrated solid waste managment in developing countries,” Waste
Mangement, vol. 4, no. 33, pp. 988-1003, 2013.
• [7] “what is an ultrasonic sensor?,” BOE Shield BOt, [Online]. Available:
http://education.rec.ri.cmu.edu/content/electronics/boe/ultrasonic_sensor/1.html. [Accessed 25 January 2018].
• [8] C. Artist, “Proximity Sensor on Android Gingerbread,” thecoderartist, [Online]. Available:
http://thecodeartist.blogspot.com/2011/01/proximity-sensor-on-androidgingerbread.html. [Accessed 25 January 2018].
• [9] Espressif, “ESP8266 Overview,” Espressif, [Online]. Available:
https://www.espressif.com/en/products/hardware/esp8266ex/overview. [Accessed January 2018].
Questions ?
Thank You!