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What
is FIRE?
Heat
The Fire Triangle: (Ignition)
Three elements - fuel,
oxygen and heat - are
required to start a fire.
The oxidation process
will not be possible
without any one of these
elements.
Oxygen Fuel (Fire
(Ventilation) Load)
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
2. Growth – The growth stage is
Dynamics of Fire: 4 STAGES OF FIRE DEVELOPMENT where the structures fire load and
oxygen are used as fuel for the fire.
There are numerous factors affecting
the growth stage including where the
fire started, what combustibles are
near it, ceiling height and the potential
for “thermal layering”. It is during this
shortest of the 4 stages when a deadly
“flashover” can occur; potentially
trapping, injuring or killing firefighters.
1. Incipient – This first stage begins when
3. Fully Developed – When the
heat, oxygen and a fuel source combine and
growth stage has reached its maximum
have a chemical reaction resulting in
and all combustible materials have
fire. This is also known as “ignition” and is
been ignited, a fire is considered fully
usually represented by a very small fire
developed. This is the hottest phase of
which often (and hopefully) goes out on its
a fire and the most dangerous for
own, before the following stages are
anybody trapped within.
reached. Recognizing a fire in this stage
provides your best chance at suppression or Flashover is not a stage of development,
escape. but simply a rapid transition between the
growth and fully developed stages.
DANILO V. RAVINA NAMPAP CEBU
Dynamics of Fire: 4 STAGES OF FIRE
DEVELOPMENT
Temperature Time