PLAGIARISME KARYA

ILMIAH

KOPERTIS WIL.IV

RONI KASTAMAN
PELANGGARAN ETIKA
Plagiat
Falsifikasi
Fabrikasi
 PLAGIARISME
 Plagiarisme (kata benda) menurut istilah dalam
kamus Oxford Dictionaries (Oxford
University Press, 2013), adalah “semua
praktek yang intinya adalah mengambil
pekerjaan atau karya orang lain atau ide-ide
orang lain tanpa memberi tahu atau
menginformasikan pemiliknya, yang diakui
sebagai miliknya sendiri”.
Sumber : Oxford University Press. 2013. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from :
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/plagiarism?q=plagiarism
Menurut Collin (2003),
Plagiarisme adalah bentuk
penyalinan karya orang lain, yang
kemudian dinyatakan sebagai karya
sendiri
Collin, Peter. 2003. Easier English Student Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 38 Soho Square
London W1D 3HB
 AUTO PLAGIAT (SELF PLAGIARISM)
 Auto plagiat (Self-Plagiarism) didefinisikan sebagai
plagiarisme dalam bentuk yang lain, yang dilakukan oleh
seorang penulis yang menulis kembali karyanya, baik
secara keseluruhan maupun menggunakan kembali
beberapa bagian dari tulisannya, yang pernah ditulis
sebelumnya, untuk kemudian dijadikan sebagai sebuah
karya yang baru (iParadigm. 2011)
_____________________
iParadigm. 2011. White Paper. The Ethics of Self Plagiarism. 1111 Broadway, 3rd Floor
Oakland, CA 94607. retrieved from :
http://www.ithenticate.com/Portals/92785/media/ith-selfplagiarism-whitepaper.pdf
FALSIFIKASI
Asal kata False
Falsifikasi : proses mengubah suatu
karya ilmiah yang salah sedemikian
rupa menjadi terlihat benar
FABRIKASI
Proses merakit sebuah karya dengan
kaidah dan data yang tidak benar
menjadi terlihat benar
Tidak ada penyampaian sumber data
yang dikumpulkannya untuk dirakit
menjadi karya ilmiah tersebut
CONTOH KASUS
 Hasil review proposal
penelitian yang diajukan
di salah satu Lembaga
Riset dari salah seorang
penilai menunjukkan
bahwa 7 dari 11 proposal http://www.iconarchive.com/tag/sad

yang dievaluasi terindikasi

plagiat (63,6%)
 KASUS LAIN
 Paper yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa karena
waktu terbatas, mudahnya adalah copy paste
dari internet
 Hibah kompetitif dengan dana besar
menggiurkan, namun kemampuan terbatas,
mudahnya mengambil disertasi atau laporan
riset dari laporan orang lain
 Nyontek ide, tambal sulam (fabrikasi), jadi
seolah ide sendiri
 Dalam WIPO, setiap pengajuan patent ada
refrensi nya dari mana asal muasal ide itu
berasal
 CARA MENGHINDARI PLAGIAT
Dalam tutorial Cardiff University (2007) disebutkan
beberapa langkah untuk menghindari plagiat
1. Membiasakan diri untuk sering menulis yang baik
2. Bila tidak dapat dihindari untuk mengutip secara langsung dari karya
orang lain, berikan tanda kutip (“.....” ) untuk kata atau kalimat yang
dikutip, kemudian jangan lupa cantumkan sumber kutipan dan tahunnya.
“…. Bla bla bla …” (Dendi, 2013).
3. Buatlah Parapharase (mengganti kalimat asli pengarang dengan kalimat
sendiri) , seperti di atas, jangan lupa mencantumkan sumber kutipannya.
4. Gunakan pengetahuan yang bersifat umum
5. Hasil kutipan diberi informasi siapa yang dirujuk (nama, tahun) dan
ditulis dalam daftar pustaka (end note) atau pada footnote

Sumber : Cardiff University. 2007. Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved from : https:/ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/

 CONTOH KUTIPAN LANGSUNG
 Contoh untuk Gaya Hardvard diberi tanda “....” LALU
Kutip nama pengarang, tanggal atau tahun publikasi,
halaman, dimana kutipan tersebut dijumpai (Translasi dari
: https:/ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/)

 “Angklung diciptakan oleh seorang seniman

sunda yang tinggal di Kota Bandung” (Agum, 1999,
p.1)
Referensi
 Agum, D. 1999. Angklung. Suara Hati Press. Bandung
FOOTNOTE
ENDNOTE
 PARAPHRASE
Cara menghindari kutipan langsung
dengan mengubah kalimat pengarang
dengan kalimat sendiri, namun
dengan tetap mencantumkan sumber
sitasi dari pengarang aslinya
 BUAT PARAPHRASE DARI KALIMAT
DALAM PARAGRAF SBB
 Dari hasil analisis data lapangan diperoleh
informasi sebagai berikut : Rata-rata luas
lahan usaha tani di Kabupaten Karawang
untuk petani pemilik penggarap 1,96 ha
sementara di Indramayu 0,85 ha. Untuk
petani penyakap rata-rata luas lahan usaha
tani di Karawang 1,00 ha dan di Indramayu
0,35 ha. (Kastaman, 2012)
Kastaman, Roni. 2012. Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tani Padi Sawah, Suatu Refleksi Kesejahteraan Petani Jawa Barat. Jurnal teknotanVol.6
Nomor 3. September 2012. ISSN 1978-1067. FakultasTeknologi Industri Pertanian UNPAD.pp.874
 CONTOH PARAPHRASE - NYA
 Hasil penelitian Kastaman (2012)
menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata luas
lahan usaha tani yang dimiliki petani
di Kabupaten Karawang lebih besar
daripada di Indramayu, baik untuk
petani pemilik penggarap maupun
petani penyakap
Kastaman, Roni. 2012. Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tani Padi Sawah, Suatu Refleksi Kesejahteraan Petani Jawa Barat. Jurnal teknotanVol.6
Nomor 3. September 2012. ISSN 1978-1067. FakultasTeknologi Industri Pertanian UNPAD. Pp.874
PENGETAHUAN YANG BERSIFAT UMUM

 Suatu fakta yang secara umum telah

dikenal luas dan telah menjadi milik
publik (umum ) tanpa dijelaskan asal usul
sumbernya
 Contoh :
 Produk Hukum
 Icon
 Simbol dalam Flow Chart
LATIHAN
 Berikut adalah contoh latihan untuk menunjukkan mana
plagiat dan mana yang bukan.
 Bahan berikut diambil dari sumber :
 http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 Untuk memudahkan bagi yang tidak membawa
komputer & modem untuk koneksi internet, apa yang
tertulis dalam situs dipindahkan dalam slide berikut :
 KASUS 1
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
[Barbara]
 During the 1960s the nation put human Brown (1997) argued, “If we
beings into space and eventually sent them to declare our intention to send
the moon and back. History has recorded this a man to Mars before 2010,
effort not only as an enormous technological we will be affording the
achievement but also as an example of human race the opportunity
Americans’ ability to cooperate to achieve a to realize an ancient dream.”
national goal. Getting to the moon was
important, but the real frontier has always Plagiarism ?? click here for
been Mars. If we declare our intention to the answer
send a man to Mars before 2010, we will be
affording the human race the opportunity to
realize an ancient dream. The technology
necessary to accomplish this already exists; all
we need now is the will to go.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

JAWABAN 1
 Example 1 (Barbara):
 No, Barbara has not plagiarized. She has
properly quoted the statement and
properly attributed it to the
author. The attribution style used here
is the most commonly used style in the
sciences.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

 KASUS 2 [Talisha]
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
K.N. Brown stated, “If
 During the 1960s the nation put human
beings into space and eventually sent them we declare our intention
to the moon and back. History has to send a man to Mars
recorded this effort not only as an before 2010, we will be
enormous technological achievement but
affording the human
also as an example of Americans’ ability to
cooperate to achieve a national goal. race the opportunity to
Getting to the moon was important, but the realize an ancient
real frontier has always been Mars. If we dream.” (3)
declare our intention to send a man to Mars
before 2010, we will be affording the human
race the opportunity to realize an ancient Plagiarism ?? click here
dream. The technology necessary to for the answer
accomplish this already exists; all we need
now is the will to go.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 2
 Example 2 (Talisha):
 No, Talisha has not plagiarized. Talisha has
properly quoted the statement and properly
attributed it to the author. The attribution
used here is the second type generally used
in the sciences (primarily non-US journals),
which uses a number in brackets which
corresponds to a number in the reference
list.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 KASUS 3 [Vijay]
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
 During the 1960s the nation put human
Brown (1997) thinks
beings into space and eventually sent them that a manned Mars
to the moon and back. History has mission this decade
recorded this effort not only as an
enormous technological achievement but will give people a
also as an example of Americans’ ability to worthwhile goal to
cooperate to achieve a national goal.
Getting to the moon was important, but the achieve.
real frontier has always been Mars. If we
declare our intention to send a man to Mars
before 2010, we will be affording the human Plagiarism?? click
race the opportunity to realize an ancient here for the answer
dream. The technology necessary to
accomplish this already exists; all we need
now is the will to go.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 3
 Example 3 (Vijay):
 No, Vijay has not plagiarized. The idea in
Vijay’s sentence correctly reflects Brown’s
idea and is properly attributed to Brown
(1997). No quotation marks are needed,
because the wording has not been taken
verbatim from Brown.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

 [Eduardo]
KASUS 4 Brown thinks that “[i]f
we declare our
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
 During the 1960s the nation put human beings intention to send a
into space and eventually sent them to the moon man to Mars before
and back. History has recorded this effort not
only as an enormous technological achievement 2010...,” people will
but also as an example of Americans’ ability to
cooperate to achieve a national goal. Getting to
have a worthwhile
the moon was important, but the real frontier goal to achieve (3).
has always been Mars. If we declare our
intention to send a man to Mars before 2010, we
will be affording the human race the opportunity Plagiarism?? click here
to realize an ancient dream. The technology
necessary to accomplish this already exists; all for the answer
we need now is the will to go.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

JAWABAN 4
 Example 4 (Eduardo):
 No, Eduardo has not plagiarized. The clause
taken from Brown’s original sentence is
properly quoted by Eduardo, and the
attribution to Brown (1997) is correct. A
teacher might disapprove of a Eduardo
putting a verbatim quotation in his paper,
but that would be a different issue from
plagiarism.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 Maria]
KASUS 5 Brown (1997) thinks
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph: that if we declare our
 During the 1960s the nation put human beings intention to send a
into space and eventually sent them to the moon
and back. History has recorded this effort not man to Mars before
only as an enormous technological achievement
but also as an example of Americans’ ability to
2010, people will
cooperate to achieve a national goal. Getting to have a worthwhile
the moon was important, but the real frontier
has always been Mars. If we declare our
goal to achieve.
intention to send a man to Mars before 2010, we
will be affording the human race the opportunity
to realize an ancient dream. The technology Plagiarism ?? click
necessary to accomplish this already exists; all
we need now is the will to go.
here for the
answer
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 5
 Example 5 (Maria):
 Yes, Maria has plagiarized. The string of
words "if we declare our intention to send a
man to Mars before 2010" should be in
quotation marks because it was taken
verbatim from Brown's paper. Again, a
teacher might disapprove of Maria putting a
verbatim quotation in her paper, but that
would be a different issue from plagiarism.,
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 [Kevin]
KASUS 6 “If we declare our
intention to send a
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph:
 During the 1960s the nation put human beings man to Mars before
into space and eventually sent them to the moon 2010, we will be
and back. History has recorded this effort not
only as an enormous technological achievement affording the human
but also as an example of Americans’ ability to
cooperate to achieve a national goal. Getting to
race the opportunity
the moon was important, but the real frontier to fulfill an ancient
has always been Mars. If we declare our
intention to send a man to Mars before 2010, we dream.”
will be affording the human race the opportunity
to realize an ancient dream. The technology
necessary to accomplish this already exists; all
Plagiarism ?? click
we need now is the will to go. here for the answer

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

JAWABAN
 Example 6 (Kevin):
 Yes, Kevin has plagiarized. Although he has properly used
quotation marks, the violation arises because he did not
indicate the source of the quoted material. (In other words,
we don’t know that the passage came from Brown,
1997). However, the quotation marks presumably indicate
Kevin’s intention to give credit, and the lack of attribution is
probably an oversight. This is generally not a strong reason to
flunk Kevin, but he should still be marked off and given a
strong warning. Avoiding plagiarism requires careful
attention to one's work.

Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html

 [Amanda]
KASUS 7 If we declare our
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph: intention to send a
 During the 1960s the nation put human beings
into space and eventually sent them to the moon
man to Mars before
and back. History has recorded this effort not 2010, we will be
only as an enormous technological achievement
but also as an example of Americans’ ability to
affording the human
cooperate to achieve a national goal. Getting to race the opportunity
the moon was important, but the real frontier
has always been Mars. If we declare our to fulfill an ancient
intention to send a man to Mars before 2010, we
will be affording the human race the opportunity
dream.
to realize an ancient dream. The technology
necessary to accomplish this already exists; all
we need now is the will to go.
Plagiarism ?? click
here for the answer
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 7
 Example 7 (Amanda):
 Yes, Amanda has plagiarized. In fact, this is
flagrant plagiarism. Amanda has lifted an entire
sentence from Brown (1997), and did not enclose
it in quotation marks nor give Brown credit. We
must assume that Amanda intends us to think that
the words and ideas are hers. The severest
punishment should be administered for flagrant,
deliberate plagiarism (see the pertinent pages of
the Georgia State Undergraduate Catalog or the
Student Handbook).
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 KASUS 8 [Melanie]
 Brown's (1997) final paragraph: A manned Mars
 During the 1960s the nation put human beings
into space and eventually sent them to the moon mission this decade
and back. History has recorded this effort not
only as an enormous technological achievement will give people a
but also as an example of Americans’ ability to
cooperate to achieve a national goal. Getting to
worthwhile goal to
the moon was important, but the real frontier
has always been Mars. If we declare our
achieve.
intention to send a man to Mars before 2010, we
will be affording the human race the opportunity
to realize an ancient dream. The technology Plagiarism ?? click
necessary to accomplish this already exists; all
we need now is the will to go. here for the
answer
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
JAWABAN 8
 Example 8 (Melanie):
 Yes, Melanie has plagiarized because she did not give
Brown credit for ideas. This is a common infraction and
one that many students (maybe most people) don’t
understand and don’t agree with. No quotation marks
are necessary, but all the ideas in Melanie’s sentence
originated with Brown (1997). Brown has basically
three concepts in her paragraph: (1) we should launch a
manned mission to Mars, (2) we should do it within the
present decade, and (3) doing this would give us a great
sense of accomplishment. All three ideas appear in
Melanie's sentence.
Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
Telusur informasi untuk menghindari
plagiarisme Via On-Line
 Contoh pemeriksaan melalui software atau situs on-line :
 www.plagscan.com
 www.plagiarisma.net
 www.turnitin.com
 www.duplichecker.com
 www.crossrefme.com
 http://searchenginereports.net/articlecheck.aspx
 www.copytracker.org
 Lain-lain bisa di cari melalui search engine di internet
(google.com, yahoo.com, msn.com, dll.
 CONTOH KASUS
Periksalah apakah tulisan dalam paragraf ini terindikasi plagiat ataukah
tidak ?

 Pada dekomposisi anaerob atas limbah, beberapa organisme anaerobik bekerja bersama
untuk mengkonversi bahan organik dalam limbah dan menjadikannya hasil akhir yang
stabil. Kelompok mikroorganisme pertama sangat peka pada polimer hidrolyzing
organic dan lipid untuk blok bangunan dasar yang terstruktur seperti asam lemak,
monosakarida, asam amino dan senyawa-senyawa lain yang terkait.

 Bakteri anaerobik kelompok kedua memfermentasikan produk yang teruraikan oleh

kelompok mikroorganisme pertama menjadi asam organik yang lebih sederhana, yang
paling sering adalah asam asetat. Kelompok mikroorganisme kedua ini dikenal sebagai
mikroorganisme non metanogenik, terdiri atas bakteri anaerobik fakultatif dan obligat
yang sering diidentifikasikan di beberapa literatur sebagai acidogen atau pembentuk
asam
 TELUSURI VIA :
 http://google.co.id
 Atau via :
 http://duplichecker.com
 Untuk duplichecker, sensitivitas telusur
tidak sebaik google (database terbatas dan
lebih sensitif untuk yang berbahasa
Inggris)
 LATIHAN
 KASUS 1 : How to recognize plagiarism.doc
 Silahkan diperiksa masing-masing termasuk
plagiat yang mana ataukah bukan plagiat pada
lampiran file yang dimaksud

 KASUS 2 : Merged_document.pdf
 Silahkan periksa mana bentuk kutipan yang
benar, pada file yang dimaksud
 REFERENSI
 Cardiff University. 2007. Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved from :
https:/ilrb.cf.ac.uk/plagiarism/tutorial/
 Collin, Peter. 2003. Easier English Student Dictionary. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. 38 Soho Square
London W1D 3HB
 iParadigm. 2011. White Paper. The Ethics of Self Plagiarism. 1111 Broadway, 3rd Floor Oakland, CA
94607. retrieved from : http://www.ithenticate.com/Portals/92785/media/ith-selfplagiarism-
whitepaper.pdf
 Kastaman, Roni. 2012. Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Tani Padi Sawah, Suatu Refleksi Kesejahteraan Petani Jawa
Barat. Jurnal teknotanVol.6 Nomor 3. September 2012. ISSN 1978-1067. Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Pertanian UNPAD.pp.874
 Oxford University Press. 2013. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved from :
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/plagiarism?q=plagiarism
 Plagiarism Exercise Retrieved from http://www2.gsu.edu/~geotel/plagiarism.html
 http://www.iconarchive.com/tag/sad