Literature Review

A literature review is based on assumption that

knowledge accumulates and that people learn from and
build on what others have done.

Scientific research is a collective effort of many

researchers who share their results with one another as a
community.

A specific research project is just a tiny part of the

overall process of creating knowledge

Today’s studies build on those of yesterday.

Researchers read studies to compare, replicate, or
criticize them for weakness
Evaluating Research Article

1. Look at the title carefully. A good title is specific,

mentioning the major variables ,the setting and
people being studied
2. Read the abstract. A good abstract summarizes
critical information about a study(study’s purpose,
method used,
highlights major findings
3. After initial screening (step 1&2), decide the
relevance of the article
4. If it appears relevant, scan the introduction and
conclusion sections to decide whether it is a real
keeper and worth investing in a slow. Careful
reading the entire article or just picking out a few
details.
5. When you read a highly relevant article, begin with
the introduction section
6. Read the literature review section, conceptual
framework and hypothesis
The introduction section has three purposes:
• Introduce a broad topic and show a transition to a specific
research question that is the primary topic of the study
• Establish the significance of the problem(in terms of
expanding knowledge, linking to past studies, and an
applied concern
• Outline the theoretical framework and define major
concepts being used.

A good literature review is selective,

comprehensive, and current
7. Methodology section. They outline what will be
examined in details, data sources, or data collection
methods, whether sampling was used, if so details about
it, how variables were measured, how data were
analyzed.
8. Results or findings section. Data presentation includes
describing the major findings and notes their significant.
some researchers combine a discussion section with a
results section, other keep them separate
9. A discussion sections. Discussing findings and
comparing with previous research which have been
described at the literature sections
 10.Managerial implications. Implications for manager
based on research findings
11. Limitations of the study(in term of another variables
how the specific measures, sampling, location and other
factors restrict the generalizability),and
Recommendations for future research section based on
the limitations

It should be a consistency between title, research

questions, literature review, conceptual
framework, hypotheses, measurements, results,
and conclusions.
 Taking Notes
What to records
Organize notes
Pay a special attentions to limitations of the study and
recommendations of future research. It could be a very
important sources of conducting Your own research
Writing your thesis / dissertation :
Read, think and write by
re-search..
A review may distinguish among theory, method,
findings, and evaluation. An evaluation serve to justify
the importance of conducting the current study.