SOLAR

SYSTEM
 SOLAR SYSTEM
Our solar system is a vast place, with lots of
mostly empty space between planets. But out
there are comets, asteroids and more rocky,
frozen objects (including dwarf planets) yet
to be discovered in the Kuiper Belt and Oort
Cloud.
 PARTS OF THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
Consisting of the Sun, a family of 9
planets, 63 moons, millions of asteroids,
and billions of stars, and comets, our
Solar System is home to light, heat, and
life. The planets, asteroids, and comets
travel around the Sun, the center of our
Solar System. The Solar System has an
elliptical or egg shape, and is part of a
galaxy known as the Milky Way. The
inner Solar System consists of the Sun,
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The
planets of the outer Solar System are
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and
Pluto. Many astronomers believe the
Solar System was formed 4.5 billion
years ago with the 'Big Bang', a big
explosion which caused the stars,
comets, asteroids and planets to take
shape. The Sun is the largest object in
the Solar System; it contains more than
99.8% of the total mass of the Solar
System. The temperature on the Sun is
about 15.6 million degrees Celsius.
 SUN
The Sun is the star at the center
of the Solar System. It is a
nearly perfect sphere of hot
plasma,[14][15] with internal
convective motion that
generates a magnetic field via a
dynamo process. It is by far the
most important source of energy
for life on Earth. Its diameter is
about 1.39 million kilometers,
i.e. 109 times that of Earth, and
its mass is about 330,000 times
that of Earth, accounting for
about 99.86% of the total mass
of the Solar System. About three
quarters of the Sun's mass
consists of hydrogen (~73%); the
rest is mostly helium (~25%),
with much smaller quantities of
heavier elements, including
oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron
 SUN
The Sun is roughly middle-aged; it has not
changed dramatically for more than four
billion[a] years, and will remain fairly stable
for more than another five billion years. After
hydrogen fusion in its core has diminished to
the point at which it is no longer in
hydrostatic equilibrium, the core of the Sun
will experience a marked increase in density
and temperature while its outer layers expand
to eventually become a red giant. It is
calculated that the Sun will become
sufficiently large to engulf the current orbits
of Mercury and Venus, and render Earth
uninhabitable.
 STARS
Stars are giant,
luminous spheres of
plasma. There are
billions of them —
including our own sun
— in the Milky Way
Galaxy. And there are
billions of galaxies in
the universe. So far,
we have learned that
hundreds also have
planets orbiting them.
 STARS
Ancient cultures saw patterns in the heavens that
resembled people, animals or common objects —
constellations that came to represent figures from
myth, such as Orion the Hunter, a hero in Greek
mythology. Astronomers now often use
constellations in the naming of stars. The
International Astronomical Union, the world
authority for assigning names to celestial objects,
officially recognizes 88 constellations. Usually, the
brightest star in a constellation has "alpha," the
first letter of the Greek alphabet, as part of its
scientific name. The second brightest star in a
constellation is typically designated "beta," the
third brightest "gamma," and so on until all the
Greek letters are used, after which numerical
designations follow.
 MILKY WAY
The Milky Way Galaxy
is most significant to
humans because it is
home sweet home. But
when it comes down to
it, our galaxy is a
typical barred spiral,
much like billions of
other galaxies in the
universe. Let's take a
look at the Milky Way.
 MILKY WAY
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy,
about 100,000 light-years across. If you
could look down on it from the top, you
would see a central bulge surrounded by
four large spiral arms that wrap around it.
Spiral galaxies make up about two-third of
the galaxies in the universe. The Milky
Way does not sit still, but is constantly
rotating. As such, the arms are moving
through space. The sun and the solar
system travel with them. The solar system
travels at an average speed of 515,000
mph (828,000 km/h). Even at this rapid
speed, the solar system would take about
230 million years to travel all the way
around the Milky Way.
 COMETS
Comets are icy bodies in
space that release gas or
dust. They are often
compared to dirty
snowballs, though recent
research has led some
scientists to call them
snowy dirtballs. Comets
contain dust, ice, carbon
dioxide, ammonia,
methane and more.
Astronomers think comets
are leftovers from the
material that initially
formed the solar system
about 4.6 billion years ago.
9 PLANETS
 MERCURY
Mercury is the smallest and innermost
planet in the Solar System. Its orbital
period around the Sun of 88 days is the
shortest of all the planets in the Solar
System. It is named after the Roman
deity Mercury, the messenger to the
gods.
Like Venus, Mercury orbits the Sun
within Earth's orbit as an inferior planet,
and never exceeds 28° away from the
Sun. When viewed from Earth, this
proximity to the Sun means the planet
can only be seen near the western or
eastern horizon during the early evening
or early morning. At this time it may
appear as a bright star-like object, but is
often far more difficult to observe than
Venus. The planet telescopically
displays the complete range of phases,
similar to Venus and the Moon, as it
moves in its inner orbit relative to Earth,
which reoccurs over the so-called
synodic period approximately every 116
days.
 VENUS
Venus is the hottest world in the solar
system. Although Venus is not the
planet closest to the sun, its dense
atmosphere traps heat in a runaway
version of the greenhouse effect that
warms Earth. As a result, temperatures
on Venus reach 870 degrees Fahrenheit
(465 degrees Celsius), more than hot
enough to melt lead. Probes that
scientists have landed there have
survived only a few hours before being
destroyed.
Venus has a hellish atmosphere as well,
consisting mainly of carbon dioxide with
clouds of sulfuric acid, and scientists
have only detected trace amounts of
water in the atmosphere. The
atmosphere is heavier than that of any
other planet, leading to a surface
pressure 90 times that of Earth.
Incredibly, however, early in Venus'
history the planet may have been
habitable, according to models from
NASA researchers at the Goddard
Institute for Space Studies.
 EARTH
Earth, our home, is the third
planet from the sun. It is the
only planet known to have an
atmosphere containing free
oxygen, oceans of liquid
water on its surface, and, of
course, life.
Earth is the fifth largest of
the planets in the solar
system — smaller than the
four gas giants, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranusand Neptune,
but larger than the three
other rocky planets, Mercury,
Marsand Venus.
 MARS
Mars is located 142,000,000
miles away from the Sun.
Named after the Roman God
of war, Mars is widely known
for its blood-red color.
Chinese astronomers even
used to call Mars the 'fire
star'.
Mars is much smaller than
our planet. It only takes up
about 15% of the Earth's
volume. It would take about
six Mars-sized planets to fill
up the entire volume of Earth.
Mars' size difference also
affects the force on its
surface. If you weighed 100
lbs on Earth, you would weigh
only 38 lbs on Mars.
 JUPITER
Jupiter is the largest planet in
the solar system. Jupiter is the
most massive planet in our
solar system, more than twice
as massive as all the other
planets combined, and had it
been about 80 times more
massive, it would have actually
become a star instead of a
planet. Its atmosphere
resembles that of the sun,
made up mostly of hydrogen
and helium, and with four large
moons and many smaller moons
in orbit around it, Jupiter by
itself forms a kind of miniature
solar system. All told, the
immense volume of Jupiter
could hold more than 1,300
Earths.
 SATURN
Saturn is the sixth planet
from the sun and the second
largest planet in the solar
system. Saturn is the sixth
planet from the sun and the
second largest planet in the
solar system. Saturn is
predominantly composed of
hydrogen and helium, the two
basic gases of the universe.
The planet also bears traces
of ices containing ammonia,
methane, and water. Unlike
the rocky terrestrial planets,
gas giants such as Saturn
lack the layered crust-mantle-
core structure, because they
formed differently from their
rocky siblings.
 URANUS
Uranus is the seventh
planet from the sun and
the first to be discovered
by scientists. Although
Uranus is visible to the
naked eye, it was long
mistaken as a star
because of the planet's
dimness and slow orbit.
The planet is also notable
for its dramatic tilt, which
causes its axis to point
nearly directly at the sun.
 NEPTUNE
Neptune is the eighth
planet from the sun. It was
the first planet to get its
existence predicted by
mathematical calculations
before it was actually seen
through a telescope on
Sept. 23, 1846Neptune's
cloud cover has an
especially vivid blue tint
that is partly due to an as-
yet-unidentified compound
and the result of the
absorption of red light by
methane in the planets
mostly hydrogen-helium
atmosphere.
 PLUTO
Pluto, once considered the
ninth and most distant
planet from the sun, is now
the largest known dwarf
planet in the solar system.
It is also one of the largest
known members of the
Kuiper Belt, a shadowy
zone beyond the orbit of
Neptune thought to be
populated by hundreds of
thousands of rocky, icy
bodies each larger than 62
miles (100 kilometers)
across, along with 1
trillion or more comets.
 ASTEROIDS
Asteroids are rocky worlds
revolving around the sun
that are too small to be
called planets. They are
also known as planetoids
or minor planets. There
are millions of asteroids,
ranging in size from
hundreds of miles to
several feet across. In
total, the mass of all the
asteroids is less than that
of Earth's moon.
Despite their size,
asteroids can be
dangerous. Many have hit
Earth in the past, and
more will crash into our
planet in the future.
 ASTEROIDS

Asteroids are leftovers from the formation of our

solar system about 4.6 billion years ago. Early on, the
birth of Jupiter prevented any planetary bodies from
forming in the gap between Mars and Jupiter, causing
the small objects that were there to collide with each
other and fragment into the asteroids seen today.
Understanding of how the solar system evolved is
constantly expanding. Two fairly recent theories, the
Nice model and the Grand Tack, suggest that the gas
giants moved around before settling into their
modern orbits. This movement could have sent
asteroids from the main belt raining down on the
terrestrial planets, emptying and refilling the original
belt.
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 THE END
THANK YOU

PREPARED BY:
SHIELA MAE O. LAYAN
BEED- SPED III