“ Politics and Diaper have something in

common. They both should be changed

regularly and for the same reason”
Politics and Government
w/Constitution

“POLITICAL SCIENCE”
Political Science defined….

derived from Greek word “polis” meaning “city/state”

and “ scire” meaning “to know/ to study”

 “therefore it is the study of the state”

or

 “the systematic study of the state or government

with its institutions, principles, theories, concepts,
ideals and processes
Why do we need to study Pol.
Scie?

 Functions and Importance of Political Science as a discipline:

1. Education for Citizenship

2. Knowledge and Understanding of the Government

3. Essential parts of Liberal Education

 STATE?

 The term state is equivalent to a country, though state is a

political concept. In common usage however, the two terms are
often used synonymously. The Constitution use them
interchangeably

 state is defined as “community of persons more or less numerous,

permanently occupying a definite portion of the territory, having a
government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants
render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control”
 GOVERNMENT

PEOPLE STATE TERRITORY

SOVEREIGNTY
Origins of States
 There are several theories concerning the origin of
a state

1. Divine Right Theory

- it holds that the state is a divine creation and
the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people
Origins of States
2. Necessity or Force Theory
- it maintains that states must have been
created through force, by some great warriors who
imposed their will upon the weak

3. Paternalistic Theory
- It attributes the origin of the states to the
enlargement of the family which remained under the
authority of the father.
Origins of States
2. Social Contract Theory
- It asserts that the early states must
have been formed by deliberate and voluntary
compact among the people to form a society and
organize a government for their common good.
 TERRITORY

 these are the geographical areas

under the jurisdiction of a country

 it includes the terrestrial, fluvial

and aerial domain as a total of its
territory

 it is important for a state to have

a territory as place where a
government is built, where people
reside and live and where
sovereignty is exercised
Modes of Acquiring Territory

 Discovery and Occupation

- a state may acquire a territory
through discovering continent, island or land with
no inhabitants or occupied by uncivilized
inhabitants

 Prescription
- it is mode of acquiring territory
through continuous and undisputed exercised of
sovereignty over it such a long period of time
Modes of Acquiring Territory

 Cession
- it is the assignment, transfer, or
yielding up territory by one state or government
to another

 Conquest/ Invasion
- it is a mode of acquiring territory
belonging to a state by occupation and conquest
made by another state in the course of war.
Modes of Acquiring Territory

 Accretion
- it is a mode of acquiring territory
through by addition of portions of soil either
artificial or natural way by gradual deposition
through the operation of natural causes.
“Any leader who compromises even an
inch of his nation without the benefit to
his people, has committed treason”
The Philippine Territory
Section 1 of Article I of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution

“The national territory comprises the Philippine Archipelago,

with all the waters and islands embraces therein, and all other
territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial
domains, including its territorial sea, the sea bed, the subsoil,
the insular shelves and other submarine areas. The
waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form
part of the internal waters of the Philippines”
 Philippines is Archipelago
State

Archipelago?
- derived from the Greek word “pelagos”
meaning sea

- or defined as sea studded with islands or

group of islands
Archipelago Doctrine
- This doctrine asserts the integration of group of
islands to the sea and their oneness so that
together they constitute as one unit, one country
and one state.
- It adopts the “baseline method” where imaginary
straight lines are drawn joining the outermost
points of the outermost islands of the archipelago

- This Principle or Doctrine was made by a Filipino

named Arturo Tolentino and was recognized by
UNCLOS
Archipelago Doctrine
“…consisting its terrestrial,
fluvial and aerial domain…”
 Terrestrial Domain
- refers to the land whether agricultural, forest
or timber, mineral lands and national parks under
the sovereignty and jurisdiction of the Philippines

 Fluvial Domain
- refers to the internal or national waters,
external or territorial waters, over which the
Philippines exercised jurisdiction
Bodies of Navigable Water

 Inland Waters
- such as rivers, lakes, canals, ports, bays,
harbors and other similar bodies of water.

 Internal Waters
- this refers to the bodies of water
circumscribed by the imaginary line connecting the
points of the outermost islands
Bodies of Navigable Water

 Territorial Sea
- is measured from the baseline and extends
up to twelve (12) nautical miles called the
“marginal belt”

 Contiguous Zone
- measured from the edge of the territorial sea
up to another twenty- four (24) miles from the
baseline
Bodies of Navigable Water

 Exclusive Economic Zone

- it is extended up to a distance of 200 nautical
miles from the baselines.

 International Waters, High Seas or

Open Seas
- it refers to the portion of the ocean which is
beyond the territorial jurisdiction of any country.
“…consisting its terrestrial,
fluvial and aerial domain…”
 Aerial Domain
- refers to the air space above the territorial
land and sea except for the outer space over which
the Philippines exercised jurisdiction.
“…including the seabed, the subsoil,
the insular shelves and other
submarine areas…”
 Seabed
- or the sea floor or sea bottom, refers to the
land that holds the sea, lying beyond the sea shore
including mineral and natural resources

 Subsoil
- refers to everything beneath the surface of
the land and the seabed, including mineral and
natural resources
“…including the seabed, the subsoil,
the insular shelves and other
submarine areas…”
 Insular Shelves
- Insular shelves can be defined as the parts of
an island that remain under water. These land
'shelves' are under shallow water and thus the
concept of a shelf

 Other Submarine Areas

- they refer to all areas under territorial sea.
Like seamount, trough, trench, basin, deep bank,
shoal and reef.