Unit 2 Computer

Architecture

Section A Computer Hardware

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 Unit 2 Computer Architecture

Reading Skills
Two skills will be presented to help you
organize materials for study.
1. Underlining
2. Marginal Glossing

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 Unit 2 Computer Architecture
Reading Skills
1. Underlining key words and phrases that relate
to main ideas and important statistics or
examples that support them.
2. Marginal Glossing is another way to organize
material for study. A marginal gloss is a note in
the margin of your book summarizing the
material next to it.

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 Unit 2 Computer Architecture

I. Introduction
• What is computer hardware?
• What is software?
• Why are microprocessors
referred to as firmware?

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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
II. Input Hardware
• Light pen
• Mouse
• Joystick
• Keyboard
• Optical scanner
• Microphone
• Voice recognition module
• modem

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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
III. Output Hardware
• A video display: cathode ray
tube(CRT) or liquid crystal
display(LCD)
(which one is frequently used in laptops?)
• Printer: dot-matrix; laser or inkjet

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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
IV. Storage Hardware
• Disk drives
 Hard disk drives
 Floppy disk drives
 Magneto-optical disc drives
 Compact disc drives
• Memory
 RAM (random access memory)
 ROM (Read-only memory)
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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
V. Hardware Connections
• A bus
 Address bus
 Data bus
• Connection types
 Serial connection
 Parallel connection

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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
Words and phases
• Computational 计算的
• Retrieve 检索
• Basic Input Output System(BIOS) 基本输入
输出系统
• Firmware 固件
• Light sensors 光感应器
• Pointing device 指示设备
• Detection device 检测设备
• Pointer 指针
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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
Words and phases
• Cursor 光标
• Joystick 游戏杆
• Trackball 跟踪球，轻轨球
• Touch-sensitive region 触敏区
• Scanner 扫描仪
• Photocopier 复印机
• Module 模块
• Modem 调制解调器
• Modulator 调制器
• Demodulator 解调器
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Unit 2 Computer Architecture
Words and phases
• Video display 视频显示
• Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管
• Liquid crystal display 液晶显示器
• Dot-matrix printers 点阵式打印机
• Laser printers 激光打印机
• Inkjet printers 喷墨打印机
• Disk drives 磁盘驱动器
• Floppy disk 软盘
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 Unit 2 Computer Architecture
Words and phases
• Random access memory (RAM) 随机访问存储器
• Read-only memory (ROM) 只读存储器
• Volatile memory 易失性存储器
• address bus 地址总线
• data bus 数据总线
• Serial connection 串行连接
• Parallel connection 并行连接
• Simultaneously 同步的

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 The System Unit

• What is the system unit?

 Case that contains
electronic components
of the computer used
to process data
 Sometimes called
the system cabinet or
chassis

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Next
 The System Unit
• What are common components inside the system unit?

power supply

processor

memory
ports

sound card

video card
21/12/7 modem card 15
p.network
181 Fig.card
4-2 Next
 The System Unit
• CPU (central processing unit)
 Interprets and carries
out basic instructions Processor
that operate a computer Control
Control Arithmetic
Arithmetic
 Control unit directs Unit
Unit Logic
Logic Unit
Unit (ALU)
(ALU)

and coordinates Instructions

operations in Data
Information
computer
 Arithmetic logic unit Input Output
Devices Data Memory Information Devices
(ALU) performs
arithmetic,
Instructions
comparison, Data
and logical operations Information
Storage
Devices
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 The System Unit
• motherboard
adapter cards
processor chip

 Main circuit
board in system
unit memory chips

 Contains adapter
cards, processor
chips, and
memory chips
memory slots
 Also called
Expansion
system board slots for
adapter cards motherboard

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Next
 The System Unit
Types of Adapter Cards

• adapter card

 Enhances system unit or

provides connections to
external devices called
peripherals
 Also called an expansion card

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 The System Unit
• expansion slot
 An opening, or socket,
on the motherboard
that can hold an
adapter card
 With Plug and Play,
the computer
automatically
configures cards
and other devices
as you install them

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 The System Unit
• ports and connectors
 Port connects external devices to system unit
 Connector joins cable to peripheral

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 The System Unit

• serial port
 Transmits one bit of data at a
time
 Connects slow-speed devices,
such as mouse, keyboard,
modem

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 The System Unit

• parallel port

 Connects devices that can

transfer more than one bit at
a time, such as a printer

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 The System Unit
• USB ports

USB (universal serial bus) port can connect

up to 127 different peripherals together
with a single connector type

PCs typically have Third USB

four to eight USB ports Single USB port can device connects
be used to attach to second USB
on front or back of device, and so on
the system unit multiple peripherals
in a daisy chain
Second USB
device connects
to first USB
First USB device
device connects
to USB port
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on computer