In Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice

Editor : Robert K.Stoelting, Simon Hiller, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006,
page 179-203

Oleh :
Nurmeilia
C111 04 164

Pembimbing:
dr.Faisal S.

Supervisor:
dr.Syamsul Hilal Salam, Sp.An
 Recommended
Clinical Use Concentration(%) Onset Duration (min) max.single dose
(mg)

Lidocaine Topical 4 fast 30-60 300

300 or 500 with

Infiltration 0.5-1 fast 60-240
epinephrine

IVRA 0.25-0.5 fast 30-60 300

300 or 500 with

PNB 1-1.5 fast 60-180
epinephrine
or 500 with
Epidural 1.5-2 fast 60-120
epinephrine

Spinal 1.5-5 fast 30-60 100

400 or 500 with

Mepivacaine Infiltration 0.5-1 fast 60-240
epinephrine
400 or 500 with
PNB 1-1.5 fast 120-240
epinephrine
400 or 500 with
Epidural 1.5-2 fast 60-180
epinephrine

Spinal 2-4 fast 60-120 100

 Recommended
Clinical Use Concentration(%) Onset Duration (min) max.single dose
(mg)

300 or 400 with

Etidocaine Infiltration 0.5 fast 120-480
epinephrine
300 or 400 with
PNB 0.5-1 fast 180-720
epinephrine
300 or 400 with
Epidural 1-1.5 fast 120-480
epinephrine

Prilocaine Infiltration 0.5-1 fast 60-120 600

IVRA 0.25-0.5 fast 30-60 600

PNB 1.5-2 fast 90-180 600

Epidural 2-3 fast 60-180 600

175 or 225 with

Bupivacaine Infiltration 0.25 fast 120-480
epinephrine
175 or 225 with
PNB 0.25-0.5 slow 240-960
epinephrine
175 or 225 with
Epidural 0.5-0.75 moderate 120-300
epinephrine

Spinal 0.5-0.75 fast 60-240 20

 Recommended
Clinical Use Concentration(%) Onset Duration (min) max.single dose
(mg)

Ropivacaine Infiltration 0.2-0.5 fast 120-360 200

PNB 0.5-1 slow 300-480 250

Epidural 0.5-1 moderate 120-360 200

800 or 1000 with

Chlorprocaine Infiltration 1 fast 30-60
epinephrine

800 or 1000 with

PNB 2 fast 30-60
epinephrine

800 or 1000 with

Epidural 2-3 fast 30-60
epinephrine

Procaine Spinal 10 fast 30-60 1000

Tetracaine Topical 2 fast 30-60 20

Spinal 0.5 fast 120-360 20

Benzocaine Topical Up to 20% fast 30-60 200

Cocaine Topical 4-10 fast 30-60 150