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“Beam-Columns”. Examples of this, are floor or roof beams resisting later wind
loads. Top chord truss elements supporting roof loading causing bending, etc.
Top chord with bending
Interaction Formula:
w w w w w w w
Σ load effects
1.0
resistance
or
Pu M
u 1.0 (c b 0.9) BC 1
cPn bMn
where:
Pu = factored axial compression.
Mu = factored bending moment.
Pn = nominal axial strength.
Mn = nominal bending strength.
BC-1
Equation (BC-1) is the basic of AISC design criteria as stated in (chapter
H) of AISC – LRFD specs:-
Pu
For 0.2,
cPn
Pu 8 Mux Muy
1.0
(AISC Equation H1- 1a)
cPn 9 bMnx bMny
Pu
For 0.2,
cPn
Pu Mux Muy
1.0
(AISC Equation H1- 1a)
2cPn bMnx bMny
BC-2
Example BC-1
Solution
From the column load tables (Table 4.1) the
axial
compressive design strength of W8x58 with
Fy=50 ksi and KyLy=17 ft
cPn = 286 kips
BC-3
From the beam design charts (Table 3-10 page 3 – 125) for
un braced length of Lb=17, and Cb=1.0
For this condition and this loading : Cb=1.32 (table 3.1) bMn = 202 k.ft.
bMn = 1.32 x 202 = 267 k.ft.
bMp = 224 k.ft. (Table 3.2 page 3-18).
bMn = 224 k.ft. bMp
22 17
The factored maximum moment : Mu 93.5 k ft.
4
Pu 200
0.518 0.2 Use AISC H 1.1a
cPn 386
Pu 8 Mux 200 8 93.5
0.889 1 OK
cPn 9 bMnx 386 9 224
M = Pu ( e + ymax)
1
M Mo
1 Pu Pe BC-5
where:-
M = Magnified moment.
Mo = Initial moment (due to initial crookedness or more often due to transverse loads).
π 2EI
Pe Euler buckling load.
L
Example BC-2
Compute the amplification factor for example (BC-1)
π 2E KL K xL x
Pe Axis of Bending
2
.Ag whe re
KL r rx
r
K xL x 1.0 x 17 x 12
55.9
rx 3.65
π 2 x29000
Pe x 17.1 1567 kips.
(55.9) 2
So M = 1.15 Mo
1 1 = 1.15 93.5 = 107.5 k·ft.
Amplificat ion Factor 1.15
Pu 200
1-
Pe 1
1567 BC-6
Moment amplification is covered in chapter C of the AISC code.
Two amplification factors are used in LRFD:-
A) * One to account for amplification due to deflection.
B) * One to account for amplification due to frame
sideway to lateral forces in unbraced frames.
BC-8
Where:
Cm = Coefficient whose value taken as follows:
M1
Cm 0.6 0.4 (AISC Equation C2 – 4)
M2
BC-9
Evaluation of Cm Factor
2. For transversely loaded members, Cm can be taken as 0.85 if the ends are
restrained against rotation and 1.0 if the ends are unrestrained against rotation
(pinned). End restraint will usually result from the stiffness of members
connected to the beam-column. The pinned end condition is the one used in the
derivation of the amplification factor; hence there is no reduction for this case,
which corresponds to Cm = 1.0. Although the actual end condition may lie
between full fixity and a frictionless pin, use of one of the two values given here
will give satisfactory results.
α 1.0
Pr Pu
π 2EI
Pe1
KL2
(AISC C2 – 5)
BC-10
Example BC-3
The horizontal beam column shown below is subjected to service live loads
as shown. The member is laterally braced at its ends. Check its capacity to
LRFD code? 20k
W8 35
Solution:- 20k A36 20k
5' 5'
P 1.6 20 32 kips 10'
u
Mu M
1.2 0.035 (10)2 1.6 20 (10)
80.52 k ft.
nt 8 4
Column Action:-
BC-11
Kl K yl y 1 10 12
59.1
r max ry 2.03
c Fcr = 27 ksi (Table 4 - 22 page 4 – 319).
c Pn = c Fcr Ag = 27 10.3 = 278.1 k
Pu 32
0.115 0.2
Pn 278.1
Use Equation (H1 – 1b) interaction formula.
Beam Action:-
Lb = 10 ft, Cb = 1.32, Zx = 34.7 in4
Ixx = 127 in3
Sx = 31.2 in3.
Mp = Zx Fy = 104.1 k·ft.
BC-12
E
Lp 1.76 ry 8.45ft
Fy
E
Lr πrts 20.25ft
0.7Fy
Lp Lb Lr
Lb Lp
Mn Cb Mp Mp 0.7Fy S x Mp
L L
r p
0.7 36 31.2 10 8.45
1.32 104.1 104.1
12 20.25 8.45
1.32 99.03 130.7 kft Mp 104.1kft
Mn = Mp = 104.1k·ft
b Mn = 0.9 104.1 = 93.7k·ft
BC-13
Moment Magnification:-
Cm = 1.0 (transverse loads and ends unrestrained).
π 2EIx π 2 29000 127
Pe1 2524.3k ft
K xL x 2
1 10 122
Cm 1
B1 1.013 1.0 (OK)
1
Pu 1 32
Pe1 2524
Interaction Formula:-
Pr M
rx 1.0 (H1 1b)
2Pc Mcx
0.115 81.55
0.93 1.0 OK
2 93.7 Section is adequate ! BC-14
Example BC – 4
The beam column shown below is part of a braced frame. The factored
loads and moments are given as shown. Bending is on strong axis.
KxLx = KyLy = 14 ft. The W 14 61 section is made of A572 Gr 50 steel.
Is this member safe ?
Solution:- Kl K yL y 14 12
Maximum 68.6
A) Determine r ry 2.45
interaction formula,
and Column Action :- From AISC table 4 - 22
cFcr 32 ksi
cPn cFcr A g 32 17.9 572.8 kips
Pu 420
0.733 0.2
cPn 572.8
Use (AISC H1- 1a)
BC-15
B) Beam Behavior :- C) Magnification Factor :-
K xL x 14 12
From the Beam Design Charts with 28.1
rx 5.96
Cb = 1.0, Lb = 14 π 2EIx π 2 29000 640
Pe1 6490.2
b Mn = 344 kips·ft. (page 3.121) (K xL x ) 2
(14 12) 2
BC-16
D) Interaction Equation:-
The factored load moments :-
Mnt = 82 k·ft , Mlt = 0
Mu = B1Mnt + B2 Mlt
= 1.0066 82 + 0 = 82.5 k·ft
Beam Action:-
For lb = 20 ft & Cb = 1, b Mnx = 498 k·ft (page 3 – 119 LRFD).
Actual Cb = 1.14
Actual b Mnx = 1.14 498 =567.7k·ft
Beam-Column Action:-
Pu 88
0.108 0.2
cPn 815
Pu Mux
1.0
2cPn bMnx BC-19
Mux
0.054 1.0
567.7
Mux 537 k ft
Mux B1Mnt
Mux 537
Mnt 525.5 kft
B1 1.022
Mnt 50w u 525.5
w u 10.5 k/ft
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL = wu
1.2 (0.4 w) + 1.6 (0.6 w) = 10.5
1.44 w = 10.5
w =7.30 k/ft
DL =3.0 k/ft LL = 4.30 k/ft
BC-20