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Aortic dissection occurs when a tear in the inner wall of the aorta causes blood to
flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta, forcing the layers apart.
The mortality rate is 1% for every hour of occurrence of acute aortic dissection.
Hypertension - one of the risk factors for aortic dissection, because high pressure
in blood vessel causes damage to the aortic wall (especially the endothelium).
Atherosclerosis (the aging vessel) - causes cracks in the endothelium (inner layer
of the wall).
Iatrogenic factors - mechanical injury of the aortic wall during coronary artery
catheterization, balloon pump placement..
Mechanical injury due to eg. traffic accidents, falls from great heights etc.
DeBakey
Type I – Originates in ascending aorta, propagates at least to the aortic arch and
often beyond it distally.
Type III – Originates in descending aorta, rarely extends proximally but will extend
distally.
Stanford
Loss of consciousness,
Heart attack,
Renal insufficiency.
Two models of dissected aorta geometry was imaged with CT, and segmented
using Mimics v10 visualization software.
FEMAP is used to creating 3D mesh. Tetrahedral elements was used the final
element.
PAKF software was used for the numerical solution of fluid flow problems.
Patient #02 is a man aged 63 years, a non-smoker, who was diagnosed with
hypertension and acute aortic dissection (also type B). There is a re-entry to a
length of 84.56 mm from the aortic bifurcation in the iliac arteries. Cross-sectional
area of the return entry is 0.87 cm2.
Flow rates were recorded through the aortic branches are: 14.90 cm3/s through the
brachiocephalic artery, 12.60 cm3/s through the left common carotid and 11.41
cm3/s through the left subclavian artery. False lumen takes 26.85% of the total
flow.
Results for patient #02
Flows through the branches of the aortic arch are: 13.86 cm3/s through the
brachiocephalic artery, 6.75 cm3/s through the left common carotid and 8.52 cm3/s
through the left subclavian artery. Through this the false lumen of the patient, is
achieved by 15.40% of the total flow.
Studying the type B (DeBakey classification) of aorta dissection, we
noticed a link between the location and size of the entry tear.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in all developed
countries.
It has been shown that with increasing distance of the entry tear from
the top of the aortic arch growing volume of false lumen.
Here are a few tips to reduce your risk of an aortic dissection:
Don't smoke,
Wear a seat belt (this reduces the risk of traumatic injury to your
chest area),
Work with your doctor (check a family history of aortic dissection and
tell your doctor if you have a genetic predisposition for the
development of this disease).
Thank for your attention!