Sir Edward Tylor

was one of the

pioneering
anthropologists of the
world.
He dominated,
shaped, and
consolidated
anthropology in Britain
for the first fifty years of
its development.
 After his researches into the Early History
of Mankind and the Development of
Civilization (1865), anthropology really came
into shape. His other substantial book, Primitive
Culture, was described to be one of the main
foundations of the new sciences of human
belief and human institutions.
Tylor is also credited for his contributions
such as the invention of the term “animism” (a
belief in spiritual beings); his use of
comparative methods with attempts at
statistical correlations; and his stress on
material culture.
 Alfred Reginald
Radcliffe-Brown was
regarded as one of the
founding fathers of
modern social
anthropology.
From 1906 to 1908,
he engaged in
anthropological
fieldworks, and became
instrumental in making
anthropology a university
subject.
 Radcliffe-Brown claimed that ritual
might express more than merely man’s
dependence on society; even more
basically, it expresses his dependence on
his whole environment, physical as well as
social.
 Malinowski’s
monographs on the
Trobriand Islands were
certainly the most
formative influence on
the work of British social
anthropologists from
1922, when he published
his first field study, until his
death in 1942. Most of
the leading
anthropologists in
England were partly or
wholly trained by
Malinowski.
 Actually, anthropology started as a
practical activity of colonizers in the
service of Christianity and the Spanish
government.
In the 19th century, archaeological
explorations were undertaken by various
groups like that led by a Frenchman, Alfred
Marche. Later, the American government
became interested in the various ethnic
groups in the country.
 In 1914, anthropology was elevated as
an academic discipline at the University of
the Philippines by H. Otley Beyer. First, it was
offered as one of the courses in the
department of history, and later on
merged with sociology.
 In 1960, the Research Foundation of
Philippine Anthropology and
Archaeology was established. In 1968,
the Philippine Social Science Council
was formed to consolidate the Philippine
social science resources. It aims:
1. To promote the quality and relevance
of social science researches
2. Improve teaching skills in social sciences
3. Finance researches along the social
sciences
4. Encourage social science publications