PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

Content Standard
• The learners demonstrate understanding
of various elements that may be exposed
to hazards including physical, social,
economic, and environmental.
 Performance Standard
• The learners shall be able to: conduct
hazard hunts of exposed element and
propose corresponding corrective actions
of one’s preparedness.
 Learning Competencies
• The learners are able to:
– analyze why certain structures are more
vulnerable to specific hazards than others.
(DRR11/12 Ic-10)
 Specific Learning Outcomes

• I will be able to:

– explain the structural vulnerabilities of
physical structures with respect to different
hazards; and
– distinguish between structural, non-structural
and functional vulnerabilities
 OCTOBER 15, 2013: BOHOL EARTHQUAKE
-Details of the event (time of day, day of the week,
magnitude of the earthquake), impacts of the
earthquake on exposed elements, number of
people killed, injured and affected, economic
damage resulting directly or indirectly from the
earthquake. Also research eye witness accounts
of the earthquake.
BACLAYON CHURCH (BOHOL EQ DAMAGE)
Baclayon Church ruins after 7.2 magnitude
earthquake.mp4
 CARMEN (BOHOL EQ DAMAGE)
Carmen, Bohol, epicenter ng 7.2 magnitude na lindol
(OCT152013).mp4

Bohol October 2013 Earthquake - Villa Teresita Resort

CCTV - Cebu Philippines.mp4
PIC: Undamaged house of the 2013 earthquake (BOHOL EQ)

Bohol ghost town struggles after quake.mp4

 CASITA MODULE 5

Guide Questions:
I. What is the difference between structural, non-
structural, and functional vulnerability?
II. For earthquakes, what are the causative factors of
structural vulnerability?
III. What particular types of structures (typology) are
vulnerable to earthquakes (flood, or typhoon)?
 CASITA MODULE 5
Guide Questions:
IV. Why are non-engineered or owner constructed
structures generally more vulnerable than
engineered structures.
V. What general categories comprise the non-
structural elements at risk? Give local examples
for each of these categories.
 CASITA MODULE 5
Guide Questions:
VI. In the modules gives examples of functional
vulnerability in terms of the operations of a
hospital. Identify what elements would be at risk
with regards to the functional vulnerability of a
school?
 DISCUSSION
• Structural vulnerability pertains to the vulnerability
of parts of the building structure that carry load such
as the columns, beams, floor, or roof.
• Non-structural vulnerability pertains to the
vulnerability of the parts of the building structure that
do not carry loads such as walls intended for
partitioning the interior space of a building into
individual rooms, ceiling tiles, or decorative moldings
or finishes.
 DISCUSSION
• Functional vulnerability pertains to the ability of the
structure to function properly. For example if the
stairway collapses or elevator becomes inoperable,
mobility within the structure is affected.
 DISCUSSION
• Causative factors: (structural vulnerability- EQ)
include the :
• a.) location of the structure,
• b.) number of buildings and space in between buildings,
c.) number of stories, shape, symmetry, age of
building, construction typology
• d.) age of the building, and
• e.) alterations to the building and use of the building.
DISCUSSION: Structures that are vulnerable to EQ

• Masonry structures that are brittle and massive are

generally vulnerable to earthquake.
• Light structures made from bamboo and straw are
generally vulnerable to typhoon and strong winds.
• Timber structures are generally vulnerable to flood.
Steel structures are vulnerable to fire.
 DISCUSSION: Engineered vs. Non-engineered
Structure
• An non-engineered structure: is a structure that has
been designed and constructed without proper
supervision from an architect and/or engineer. They
generally are designed to withstand normal conditions,
but often are not designed to resist wind or
earthquake loads that would have been considered had
an architect or engineer designed and supervised the
construction.
 DISCUSSION: General categories comprise the
non-structural elements at risk
• Non-structural vulnerabilities include: partition walls, ceilings,
lighting fixtures, door frames, mechanical equipment, plumbing
and sewerage, electromechanical devices (elevators or
machines). Note that non-structural vulnerabilities pertain to
elements of the structure or its contents that can either fall or
move around and kill/injure people or damage property within
the structure. Examples would include walls or ceilings falling
or the occupants of a school or hospital during an earthquake.
 DISCUSSION: Functional Vulnerability
(Hospital & School)
• Examples of functional vulnerabilities for a hospital would
be damage to electrical systems which would prevent
electrical life support equipment in the hospital from
being operated.
• Example of functional vulnerabilities for a school would
include the roof being damaged during a strong typhoon
leaving the school building exposed to elements and
preventing the holding of classes.
 ENRICHMENT
• Video presentation:
– 1. Resonance:
– Why do buildings fall in earthquakes_ - Vicki
V. May.mp4
– 2. Soft Storey:
– We Can Solve the Soft-Story Problem.mp4
 ENRICHMENT
• Video presentation:
– 3. Effects of typology on seismic response:
– Shaking table test on strenghtened existing
masonry building.mp4
– Concrete Hollow Block House testing by JICA
and PHIVOLCS.mp4
• Question: Building Typology: Based on the
PHIVOLCS video, why are non-engineered
structures more vulnerable that engineered
structures. Based on the videos why are masonry
structures more vulnerable that timber structures?