Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Wisdom Courage
A sense of Helpfulness
accomplishment
• Another way to examine values is in terms
of a predetermined list and the preferences
people have for these values.
• Edwards Spraunger has identified six
values common to everyone : theoretical,
economic, aesthetic, social, political, and
religious.
• Different occupational groups tend to have
different value profiles. Ex : professors
tend to be highest in theoretical interest,
businesspeople have very high economic
values…
STUDY OF VALUE
IKHTISAR TIPE-TIPE MANUSIA
MENURUT SPRANGER
THEORETICAL
The overriding interest of the theoretical
person is the discovery of truth. In pursuing
this goal, the person often looks for
identities and differences, trying to divest
himself or herself of judgments regarding
the beauty or utility of objects. The chief aim
in life of this person is to systematize and
order knowledge.
ECONOMIC
The economic person is basically interested
in what is useful. In addiction to self-
preservation, the person is concerned with
the production of goods and services and
the accumulation of wealth. The individual is
thoroughly practical and conforms well to
the prevailing stereotype of the American
businessperson.
AESTHETIC
The aesthetic person sees highest value in
form and harmony. Although the person
might not necessarily be an artist, the
individual’s chief interest is in the artistic
episodes of life. For example : aesthetic
people often like the beautiful insignia of
pomp and power but oppose political activity
that represses individual thought.
SOCIAL
The highest value for the social person is
love of people. This individual prizes other
people as ends and, as a result, is kind,
sympathetic and unselfish. The social
person regards love it-self as the only
suitable form of human relationship. This
person’s interests are very close to those of
the religious person.
POLITICAL
The political person is interested primarily in
power. This individual need not be a politician.
Because competition and struggle play a
large part in life, he or she will do well in any
career or job in which a high power value is
necessary for success, whether this be power
over people (as in the case of a top manager)
or over the environment (as in the case of an
engineer who makes the final decision on how
to build something)
RELIGIOUS
The highest value for the religious person is
unity. This individual seeks to relate himself
or herself to the embracing totality of the
cosmos. For some, there is an attempt to
withdraw from active association with the
outside world (as in the case of monks in a
monastery); for others there is some self-
denial and meditation coupled with a life of
work among local people who attend their
church or subscribe to the same religious
beliefs.
RELIGIOUS
Ada 2 cara pandang orang tipe religious :
“Immanent mystics”, orang ini mencari
makna dengan cara partisipasi aktif di
dalam hidup (diterapkan dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari, misal : berbuat baik, silaturahmi.
“Transcedental mystics” orang ini mencari
makna dalam hidup dengan cara
mengasingkan diri dari kehidupan (seperti
biksu, sufi, tasawuf)
• Value tests are useful to understanding
human behavior because they identify
what is important to an individual, so we
can motivate or manage the person
effectively.
• The great problem for today’s managers,
however, is that values appear to be
changing.
Spraunger Average Average Success Success
Value Male Female ful Male ful
College College Manager Female
Student Student Manager
Theoretical 43 36 44 39
Economic 42 37 45 47
Aesthetic 37 44 35 42
Social 37 42 33 31
Political 43 38 44 46
Religious 38 43 39 35
WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU ?
Group
GroupI1 Group 2 Group 3
a.
a. _____
_____ b. _____ c. _____
f.
f. _____
_____ d. _____ e. _____
h.
h. _____
_____ g. _____ i. _____
l.
l. _____
_____ j. _____ k. _____
o.
o. _____
_____ n. _____ m. _____
Total
Total _____
_____ Total _____ Total _____
Average
Average _____
_____ Average _____ Average _____
What is important to you ?
Enter your average scores on the designated
lines below.