E

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A
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S
&
GROUP MEMBER
E 1. VATAN KUMAR GAUTAM
S 2. ANKIT
C 3. ANSHUMAN
4. AVNI GOEL
A 5. CHARU AGRAWAL
L 6. DEEPAK SRIVASTAV
JIVANTIKA
A 7.
8. KULDEEP
T 9. LAVENDRA
O 10. MANAV MAHAN
11. MANENDRA
R 12. MANOJ KUMAR YADAV
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designVertical Circulation

Cores = service cores

Contains:

–Elevator shafts

–Elevator lobbies

–Main & escape stairways

–Riser-ducts

–Toilets

–Other service rooms

•Elevators = MAIN vertical circulation system

Configuration At initial design stage, designer DETERMINES:

•Buildable net rentable areas (NRA)

•Gross floor areas (GFA)

•Typical & atypical floor-plates

•Prepare a diagram + propose elevator configuration:

•No. of banks

•No. of stops
 Floor Plate Design

Staircase usually grouped with elevators

As means of escape & accessibility

Service core types & placement

designService Core & Building Economy

Minimization of material costs

Minimization of core area

•Minimization of construction time

Elevator Design & Configuration

Elevator design should give optimum:

•Number of elevators

•Types of elevators

•Elevator capacities

•Arrangement o elevator
Example……………

 commercebank frankfurt by foster & partners

 ABOUT ELEVATORS

As building technology changes and progresses, our elevator

technology does the same. a long history of meeting new
challenges with ongoing innovation. While there is a wide
range of elevators to fit every need.

three basic types:-

1.machine-roomless

2.gearless traction

3.and geared traction

Machine-Roomless Elevators

This revolutionary elevator system is based on

the first major breakthrough in lifting technology
in nearly 100 years. Designed for buildings
between about two and 30 stories, this system
employs a smaller sheave than conventional
geared and gearless elevators.
Gearless Traction Elevators

In 1903, introduced the design that would become the

standard in the elevator industry—the gearless
traction elevator. These elevators typically operate at
speeds greater than 500 feet per minute (2.54 meters
per second).
Geared Traction Elevators

As the name implies, the electric motor in

this design drives a gear-type reduction unit,
which turns the hoisting sheave. While
slower than a typical gearless elevator, the
gear reduction offers the advantage of
requiring a less powerful motor to turn the
sheave. These elevators typically operate at
speeds from 350 to 500 feet per minute (1.7
to 2.5 meters per second) and carry loads of
up to 30,000 pounds (13,600 kgs). An
electrically controlled brake between the
motor and the reduction unit stops the
elevator, holding the car at the desired floor
level.
 Hyadraulic elevators

Hyadraulic elevators are used extensively in buildings up to five or six stories

high.these elevators ,which can operate at speeds up to 46 meters (150ft) per
minute ,do not use the large overhead hoisting machinery the way geared and
gearless system do.instead,a typical hyadraulic elevators is provided by a
piston that travels inside a cylinder.an electric motor pumps oil into the
cylinder to move the piston.the piston smoothly lifts the elevator cab.electrical
valves control the release of the oil for gentle descent.
Staircase Lifts

Stair lifts
(sometimes called a
stairglide) are the
perfect solution to
mobility issues.
Stairlifts can take
you up and down
your stairs
effortlessly, in
safety an comfort.
 Features Safety Characteristics

» Manual swivel chair (Optional: » Technically tested safety

Automatic swivel function) catch mechanism
» Easy-to-keep-clean vinyl, woven » Speed limitation mechanism
or leather surface » Automatic end switches at
» Fold-up armrests, seats and foot each stop
rests » Safety switch at the chair
» Specially manufactured twin-tube and at the foot rest
sectional rails » Gearbox with speed
» Safety steering mechanism with reduction mechanism and
up/down press-button and On/Off braking function
toggle switch
» Load: 120kg - 160kg (depending on the model)
Data » Speed: 0,10m/sec.
» Power source: 230 Volts, 50 Hertz
Components of LIFTS

LIFTS & ESCALATORS

 PASSENGER`S LIFT CAR, WELL & MACHINE ROOM Size

SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE

PERSONS KG A B C D E
1 4 373 1100 700 1900 1300 800
2 6 408 1100 1000 1900 1600 800
3 8 544 1300 1100 1900 1900 800
4 10 680 1350 1300 1900 2100 800
5 13 884 2000 1100 2500 1900 900
6 16 1088 2000 1300 2500 2100 1000
7 20 1360 2000 1550 2500 2400 1000
8 5 340 1100 800 1900 1200 800
GOOD`S LIFT CAR, WELL & MACHINE ROOM Size

SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE

KG A B C D E
1 500 1100 1200 1900 1500 1100
2 1000 1400 1800 2300 2100 1400
3 1500 1700 2000 2600 2300 1700
4 2000 1700 2500 2600 2800 1700
5 2500 2000 2500 2900 2800 2000
6 3000 2000 3000 2900 3300 2000
7 4000 2500 3000 3400 3300 2500
8 5000 2500 3600 3400 3900 2500
Hospitals' LIFT CAR, WELL & MACHINE ROOM Size

ENTRANC
SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL
E
PERSON
KG A B C D E
S
1 15 1020 950 2400 1700 3000 800
2 20 1360 1300 2400 2200 3000 1200
3 26 1768 1600 2400 2300 3000 1200
 Dumb Waiter Size

Dumbwaiters are definitely a boon to large

commercial organizations like hotels,
restaurants etc. They can be designed to suit
a specific application like carrying mails, food
& other light weight stuff.

SR.No. LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL

KG A B H C D
1 100 700 700 800 1200 900
2 150 800 800 900 1300 1000
3 200 900 900 1000 1400 1100
4 250 1000 1000 1200 1500 1200
 Traction Lift Motors & Accessories
Lift Cabins
Passenger lifts are specially designed to
suit a wide variety of applications. A
choice of finishes in the form of
decorative laminates is offered using
wooden panels or M.S. Sheets. Cargo lifts
are made of M.S. Sheets with chequered
plate at the bottom to withstand rugged
use.
Main Motor
The main driving motor is specially designed for lift-duty.
It has high torque with low starting current
characteristics and accelerates the load smoothly.
For smooth retardation and instant stopping, the
electromagnetic retardation torque brakes are released.
The main driving sheave made from graded cast iron
having specially designed ribs, has grooves of 'V'
formation which hold the main suspension ropes.
Bed plates are specially designed and made to suit the
site conditions and requirements
Gate Locks & Floor Selectors

Designed to operate with non-moving contacts using

the latest electronic technology, Gate Locks and floor
Sensors are provided to eliminate conventional
mechanical actions thus increasing safety and reliability.

Auto Rescue Device

A device meant to bring a lift stuck between floors due to

loss of power, to the nearest level and open the doors in
order to allow trapped passengers to be evacuated. Such a
device may use some form of internal auxiliary power
source for such purpose, complying with all the safety
requirements of a lift during normal run. The speed of travel
is usually lower than the normal speed.
Buffer
Oil buffer stroke — The oil displacing movement of the buffer plunger or
piston, excluding the travel of the buffer plunger accelerating device.
Spring Buffer—A buffer which stores in a spring the kinetic energy of the
descending car or counterweight

Car Frame
 TYPES OF LIFTS:-
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF LIFTS .SOME ARE AS FOLLOWS.

PASSENGER LIFT:-
PASSENGER LIFTS PROVIDE ACCESS BETWEEN LEVELS
AND STOREYS. A DISABLED PERSON NEEDS SUFFICIENT
SPACE AND TIME TO ENTER AND LEAVE A PASSENGER LIFT, PARTICULARLY WHEN SHARING IT WITH OTHER PEOPLE. LIFT SIZES SHOULD
THEREFORE BE CHOSEN TO SUIT THE DISABLED PEOPLE. PASSENGER ANTICIPATED DENSITY OF USE OF THE BUILDING AND THE
REQUIREMENTS OF ELEVATORS CAPACITY IS RELATED TO THE AVAILABLE FLOOR SPACE

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE MINIMUM 2000MM WIDE X 1400MM DEEP X 2000MM HIGH WITH MAXIMUM 15MM FINISHES.

GENERALLY PASSENGER ELEVATORS ARE AVAILABLE IN CAPACITIES FROM 1,000 TO 5,000 LB (455 TO 2,270 KG) IN 500 LB (230 KG)

THERE SHOULD BE AN UNOBSTRUCTED AREA IN FRONT OF THE LIFT ENTRANCE OF 1800MM X 1800MM
FLOORING, WALL AND CEILING FINISHES SHOULD BE OPAQUE, NON-REFLECTIVE
AND SLIP RESISTANT.

DOORS SHOULD INCLUDE A PRESENCE SENSOR AND, WHERE POSSIBLE, HAVE A MINIMUM DOOR OPENING TIME OF 20 SECONDS.

THE DOOR TO THE LIFT SHOULD PROVIDE A CLEAR OPENING WIDTH OF MINIMUM 900MM. EXCEPT WHERE SPACE IS CONSTRAINED IN
REFURBISHMENT SCHEMES LIFTS SHOULD USE SINGLE OR OPPOSITE DOORS ONLY.

CALL BUTTONS OUTSIDE THE LIFT SHOULD PREFERABLY BE ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE DOOR, SHOULD BE COLOUR AND LUMINANCE
CONTRASTED WITH THE SURROUND, SHOULD HAVE EMBOSSED SYMBOLS, AND SHOULD BE POSITIONED NO HIGHER THAN 900MM.

CONTROL BUTTONS WITHIN THE LIFT SHOULD BE HORIZONTAL, CENTRED AT A HEIGHT OF 900MM ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL, CENTRALLY PLACED ON
THE LIFT WALLS, AND PREFERABLY ON BOTH SIDES OF THE COMPARTMENT. THERE SHOULD ALSO BE A STANDARD VERTICAL CONTROL PANEL NEAR
TO THE DOOR.
 LIFTS SHOULD HAVE EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS, LOCATED NO HIGHER THAN 900MM ABOVE FLOOR
LEVEL, WHICH PROVIDE AUDIBLE AND VISUAL SIGNALS,
EXPLAIN HOW TO MAKE EMERGENCY CALLS AND INDICATE,
AUDIBLY AND VISUALLY, WHEN AN EMERGENCY CALL HAS
BEEN RECEIVED.

LIGHTING WITHIN LIFTS SHOULD AVOID GLARE,

REFLECTION, SHADOWS OR POOLS OF LIGHT.

AT LEAST ONE LIFT IN EACH AREA OF THE BUILDING SHOULD BE DESIGNED AS AN EVACUATION LIFT, WITH AN INDEPENDENT POWER SUPPLY,
AND SHOULD BE CLEARLY INDICATED FOR THIS USE.

SIGNAGE INDICATING THE FLOOR LEVEL SHOULD BE PROVIDED ON THE WALL OPPOSITE THE LIFT DOORS ON EACH LANDING.

PASSENGER ELEVATORS MAY BE SPECIALIZED FOR THE SERVICE THEY PERFORM, INCLUDING: HOSPITAL EMERGENCY (CODE BLUE), FRONT AND REAR
ENTRANCES,
DOUBLE DECKER, AND OTHER USES. MAY HAVE AUDIO VISUAL ADVERTISING, AND
MAY BE PROVIDED WITH SPECIALIZED RECORDED VOICE INSTRUCTIONS.
 AN EXPRESS ELEVATOR DOES NOT SERVE ALL FLOORS. FOR EXAMPLE, IT MOVES BETWEEN THE GROUND FLOOR AND A SKYLOBBY, OR IT
MOVES FROM THE GROUND FLOOR OR A SKYLOBBY TO A RANGE OF FLOORS, SKIPPING FLOORS IN BETWEEN.

ENTRAPMENT
ALL ELEVATORS ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE COMMUNICATION CONNECTION TO AN OUTSIDE 24 HOUR EMERGENCY SERVICE, AUTOMATIC
RECALL CAPABILITY IN A FIRE EMERGENCY, AND SPECIAL ACCESS FOR FIRE FIGHTERS' USE IN A FIRE. ELEVATORS SHOULD NOT BE USED BY THE
PUBLIC IF THERE IS A FIRE IN OR AROUND THE BUILDING.

CAPACITY
RESIDENTIAL ELEVATORS MAY BE SMALL ENOUGH TO ONLY ACCOMMODATE ONE PERSON WHILE SOME ARE LARGE ENOUGH FOR MORE THAN A
DOZEN. WHEELCHAIR, OR PLATFORM LIFTS, A SPECIALIZED TYPE OF ELEVATOR DESIGNED TO MOVE A WHEELCHAIR 6 FT (2 M) OR LESS, OFTEN CAN
ACCOMMODATE JUST ONE PERSON IN A WHEELCHAIR AT A TIME WITH A MAXIMUM LOAD OF 750 LB (340 KG).

THE AREA IN FRONT OF AND TO THE SIDE OF THE LIFT SHOULD BE KEPT CLEAR OF OBSTRUCTIONS TO ALLOW ACCESS TO THE CONTROLS.

SEATING SHOULD BE PROVIDED OUTSIDE AND NEAR TO THE LIFT.

ILLUMINATED AND AUDIBLE SYSTEMS TO IDENTIFY FLOOR LEVELS SHOULD BE POSITIONED INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE LIFT.

INTERNAL HANDRAILS SHOULD BE PROVIDED 900MM ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL.

WHERE A LIFT HAS A SINGLE DOOR, A MIRROR, WITH MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF 1000MM WIDE X 1000MM HIGH, SHOULD BE POSITIONED INSIDE
THE LIFT ON THE WALL OPPOSITE THE DOOR AT NO HIGHER THAN 900MM ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL

HYDRAULIC LIFTS
THE HYDRAULIC LIFT SERIES WAS INTRODUCED TO MEET THE
PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIAL BUILDINGS. THE SERIES
IS APPROPRIATE FOR LOW RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES, HOTELS AND OFFICES WITH MODERATE TRAFFIC
PATTERNS, AND SUITABLE FOR INSTALLATION IN EXISTING BUILDINGS. THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE SYSTEM USES
SOLENOID VALVES UP TO 0.63 M/S OR MOTORIZED VALVES UP TO 1 M/S. THE LATTER IMPROVE PASSENGER
COMFORT.
MACHINE ROOM
THE MACHINE ROOM FOR THIS TYPE OF LIFT CAN BE PLACED IN ANY SUITABLE AREA, INCLUDING AT
SOME DISTANCE FROM THE LIFT SHAFT.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR HYDRAULIC LIFTS

THE HYDRAULIC LIFTS ARE AVAILABLE IN MANY DIFFERENT SIZES AND VARIANTS. THE MOST COMMON
ARE EIGHT, 10- AND 13-PERSON LIFTS WITH LOADS OF 630, 800 AND 1000 KG RESPECTIVELY. THE LIFTS ARE
AVAILABLE WITH SPEEDS OF 0.25, 0.40, 0.63 AND 1.00 M/S.

GOODS LIFTS

OPEN GOODS LIFTS ARE USED PRIMARILY WHERE THERE IS TRANSPORT

BETWEEN ONLY TWO STOREYS. AS THIS TYPE OF LIFE DOES NOT REQUIRE A
SHAFT, THEY ARE EASIER AND MORE ECONOMICAL TO INSTALL IN AN
EXISTING BUILDING.
 THERE ARE MANY POSSIBILITIES WITHIN THE CATEGORY GOODS LIFTS, FROM SMALL LIFTS WITH A MAX. LOAD OF 200 KG
AND OPEN LIFTS WITH A LOAD OF 300 KG UP TO LARGE HYDRAULIC LIFTS WITH A MAX. LOAD OF SEVERAL TONS.

THE SMALL LIFTS – DUMB WAITERS – ARE USED PRIMARILY IN CONNECTION WITH
KITCHEN, CANTEEN AND RESTAURANT OPERATION, BUT THEY CAN BE USED IN
NUMEROUS OTHER PLACES. WITH A LOAD OF UP TO 200 KG, THESE LIFTS ARE A
MAJOR CONVENIENCE IN THE DAILY WORK OF STAFF WORKING WHERE
CANTEEN/RESTAURANT IS ON SEPARATE STOREY. THE STAFF AVOIDS HEAVY
LIFTING ON STAIRWAYS AND THE MANY FATIGUING TRIPS UP AND DOWN THE
STAIRS.
 DUMBWAITER

A SMALL FREIGHT ELEVATOR IS OFTEN CALLED A DUMBWAITER, OFTEN USED FOR THE
MOVING OF SMALL ITEMS SUCH AS DISHES IN A 2-STORY KITCHEN OR BOOKS IN A MULTI-
STORY RACK ASSEMBLY. PASSENGERS ARE NEVER PERMITTED ON DUMBWAITERS.
DUMBWAITERS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH ASME A17.1 IN MOST US AND CANADIAN
JURISDICTIONS.
MODERN DUMBWAITERS ARE GENERALLY DRIVEN BY A SMALL ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH A
COUNTERWEIGHT AND THEIR CAPACITY IS LIMITED TO ABOUT 750 LB (340 KG).
DUMBWAITERS ARE USED EXTENSIVELY IN THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS (HENCE THE NAME)
AND MAY ALSO BE USED AS BOOK LIFTS IN LIBRARIES, OR TO TRANSPORT MAIL OR SIMILAR
ITEMS IN AN OFFICE TOWER. THESE DUMBWAITERS CAN WITHSTAND HEAVY LOADS OF UP
TO 1000 LB, THAT COMPLY WITH THE ASME A17.2.
DUMBWAITERS, ESPECIALLY OLDER ONES, MAY ALSO BE HAND OPERATED USING A ROPED
PULLEY, AND THEY ARE OFTEN FOUND IN VICTORIAN-ERA HOUSES, OFFICES AND OTHER
ESTABLISHMENTS WHEN SUCH DEVICES WERE AT THEIR PEAK
 FREIGHT ELEVATORS
A FREIGHT ELEVATOR (OR GOODS LIFT) IS AN ELEVATOR DESIGNED TO CARRY GOODS, RATHER THAN
PASSENGERS. FREIGHT ELEVATORS ARE OFTEN EXEMPT FROM SOME CODE REQUIREMENTS. FREIGHT
ELEVATORS OR SERVICE ELEVATORS (GOODS OR SERVICE LIFTS) MAY BE EXEMPT FROM SOME OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE SERVICE. HOWEVER, NEW INSTALLATIONS WOULD LIKELY BE REQUIRED TO
COMPLY WITH THESE REQUIREMENTS. FREIGHT ELEVATORS ARE GENERALLY REQUIRED TO DISPLAY A
WRITTEN NOTICE IN THE CAR THAT THE USE BY PASSENGERS IS PROHIBITED, THOUGH CERTAIN
FREIGHT ELEVATORS ALLOW DUAL USE THROUGH THE USE OF AN INCONSPICUOUS RISER. FREIGHT
ELEVATORS ARE TYPICALLY LARGER AND CAPABLE OF CARRYING HEAVIER LOADS THAN A PASSENGER
ELEVATOR, GENERALLY FROM 2,300 TO 4,500 KG. FREIGHT ELEVATORS MAY HAVE MANUALLY
OPERATED DOORS, AND OFTEN HAVE RUGGED INTERIOR FINISHES TO PREVENT DAMAGE WHILE
LOADING AND UNLOADING. ALTHOUGH HYDRAULIC FREIGHT ELEVATORS EXIST, ELECTRIC
ELEVATORS ARE MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT FOR THE WORK OF FREIGHT LIFTING.
 PANAROMIC LIFTS

BASED ON THE VERY LATEST LIFT TECHNOLOGY, THE LIFT SYSTEM OF THE FUTURE IS CALLED GEN2
AND IS THE GREATEST ADVANCE IN LIFTS FOR ALMOST 150 YEARS.

THE SYSTEM IS BASED ON A POLYURETHANE-COATED STEEL BELT RATHER THAN THE WOVEN
CABLES OTHERWISE USED AS STANDARD IN THE SECTOR FOR OVER 100 YEARS. THIS RADICAL
CONCEPT, TOGETHER WITH OTHER AND EQUALLY INVENTIVE

NEW THINKING IN THE LIFT ITSELF, THE CONTROL SYSTEM AND THE DRIVE SYSTEM,
HAS TRANSLATED INTO A DURABLE AND ECONOMICAL SYSTEM WHICH REFLECTS AN
EXT`RAORDINARY TECHNICAL ABILITY – WHICH IN TURN IS SUPPORTED BY WELL-
KNOWN RELIABILITY AND QUALITY.

THE SYSTEM HAS NUMEROUS AND MAJOR ADVANTAGES COMPARED WITH THE OLD
LIFT SYSTEMS, AMONG THEM:+
 AUTOMOBILE LIFTS

TWO POST SURFACE LIFT

THIS IS THE MOST POPULAR SURFACE MOUNTED LIFT PURCHASED TODAY. THE LIFT ARMS RIDE UP EACH COLUMN AND ARE USUALLY SYNCHRONIZED IN ONE OF
SEVERAL WAYS; MECHANICALLY, HYDRAULICALLY OR ELECTRONICALLY.

IN GROUND LIFT
LIFTS WHOSE LIFTING ASSEMBLIES ARE SITUATED BELOW THE GARAGE FLOOR ARE KNOWN AS IN-GROUND LIFTS. THESE LIFTS
EMPLOY ONE OR MORE PISTONS, DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF VEHICLE AND HOW MUCH WEIGHT IS TO BE LIFTED. IN-GROUND

LIFTS ARE MANUFACTURED TO SUIT ALMOST ANY TYPE OF VEHICLE AND ANY TYPE OF UNDERCARRIAGE SERVICE; THERE IS THE BASIS SINGLE POST MODEL, THE DRIVE-
THROUGH MODEL, THE DRIVE OVER MODEL, THE PAD TYPE AND THE MULTI-POST AXLE-ENGAGING (FIXED AND MOVABLE PISTON) MODELS TO NAME A FEW.
FRAME ENGAGING HINGE LIFTS
THESE LIFTS USUALLY ENGAGE THE VEHICLE'S FRAME OR ITS PERIMETER. THE LIFT OPERATES IN EITHER A PARALLELOGRAM-STYLE (WHICH
MOVES FORE OR AFT AS IT RISES AND LOWERS) OR A SCISSORS-STYLE (WHICH MOVES IN A STRAIGHT VERTICAL DIRECTION). THESE LIFTS MAY BE
POWERED BY AN ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC-POWER UNIT OR, IN THE CASE OF SOME SHORT-RISE SERVICE LIFT, BY COMPRESSED AIR. THE PRIMARY
USES OF THE SHORT-RISE LIFT ARE TIRE AND BRAKE SERVICE AND AUTO BODY REPAIR.
WHEEL ENGAGING LIFT
THIS LIFT IS THE PRIMARY LIFT OF MANY MUFFLER, OIL CHANGE, AND TRANSMISSION SHOPS AND THOSE SHOPS THAT PERFORM WHEEL ALIGNMENT.
IT ALLOWS THE VEHICLE TO BE DRIVEN ONTO TWO RUNWAYS AND LIFTED BY ITS TIRES, EXPOSING THE UNDERSIDE OF THE VEHICLE.

MOVEABLE-TYPE WHEEL-ENGAGING LIFT

THIS LIFT IS USED PRIMARILY WITH LONGER, MORE UNCONVENTIONAL VEHICLES LIKE TRANSIT BUSES. EACH OF THE INDEPENDENT LIFTING
COLUMNS IS MOBILE AND CONTAINS AN ELECTRIC POWER UNIT INTERCONNECTED WITH THE OTHER COLUMNS. A MASTER CONTROL UNIT
SYNCHRONIZES THE LIFTS SO THAT THEY OPERATE IN UNISON.
PLATFORM LIFTS

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE MINIMUM 1100MM WIDE X 1400MM DEEP.

THERE SHOULD BE AN UNOBSTRUCTED AREA IN FRONT OF THE LIFT ENTRANCE OF 1800MM X 1800MM.
THE AREA IN FRONT OF AND TO THE SIDE OF THE LIFT SHOULD BE KEPT CLEAR OF OBSTRUCTIONS TO ALLOW ACCESS TO THE CONTROLS.
THE DOOR TO THE LIFT SHOULD PROVIDE A CLEAR OPENING WIDTH OF MINIMUM 900MM.
THE FLOOR TO THE LIFT CAR SHOULD BE LEVEL WITH THE UNOBSTRUCTED AREA IN FRONT OF THE LIFT.
THE LIFT CAR SHOULD BE ENCLOSED.
FLOORING, WALL AND CEILING FINISHES SHOULD BE OPAQUE,
NON-REFLECTIVE AND SLIP-RESISTANT.
THE CONTROLS SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF USE INDEPENDENTLY
BY THE USER AND SET NO HIGHER THAN 900MM ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL.

THE DOORS SHOULD NOT REQUIRE THE SIMULTANEOUS OPERATION OF TWO MECHANISMS TO
OPEN THEM.
THE DOOR OPENING AND CLOSING SYSTEM SHOULD BE AUTOMATIC.
THE LIFT SHOULD INCORPORATE AUDIBLE AND VISUAL ALARM AND EMERGENCY SYSTEMS.
THERE SHOULD BE CLEAR INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE, WITH A FONT OF AT LEAST 14 POINT SANS-SERIF,
AND AN AUDIBLE AND VISUAL ALARM SYSTEM.
WHERE VISION PANELS ARE FITTED THE BASE OF THE VISION PANEL SHOULD BE NO HIGHER THAN
500MM ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL, AND SHOULD EXTEND TO A MINIMUM HEIGHT OF 1500MM.

AIRCRAFT ELEVATORS
ON AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, ELEVATORS CARRY AIRCRAFT BETWEEN THE
FLIGHT DECK TO THE HANGAR DECK FOR OPERATIONS OR REPAIRS.
THESE ELEVATORS ARE DESIGNED FOR MUCH GREATER CAPACITY THAN
ANY OTHER ELEVATOR EVER BUILT, UP TO 200,000 POUNDS OF AIRCRAFT
AND EQUIPMENT. SMALLER ELEVATORS LIFT MUNITIONS TO THE FLIGHT
DECK FROM MAGAZINES DEEP INSIDE THE SHIP
 INCLINED ELEVATORS

oThis equipment uses elevator technology

with the cabin rolling on railways. A bundle of
ropes hauls the cabins and the movement is
provided by a grooved sheave in the driving
station. Passengers can access the cabin.

oAn inclined elevator can be designed with

one shuttle operating independently on a
straight track with a capacity up to 800
passengers per hour or it can be designed with
two shuttles operating independently on
separate straight tracks with a capacity up to
1,600 passengers per hour.

oThese elevators are generally used at hill

stations or for generally physically disabled
people. It is also used in industries to carry
people from one place to another
oFIRST TIME USE OF INCLINED ELEVATOR
AT EIFFEL TOWER IN PARIS
 SHAPE OF LIFTS

Round corners Semicircular

Hexagonal
 Car Exterior
Side panel : Painted sheet steel
Upper & bottom panels : Painted sheet steel
Side illumination : Optical fiber with lens
(vertically flickering)
Bottom Illumination : Down light

Car Interior
Ceiling : Painted steel, Acrylic lens lighting
Wall : Decorative sheet
Kick plate : Aluminum anodized
Floor :Vinyl tiles
Handrail : Stainless steel hairline finish
Window glass : Reinforced wired glass (6.8mm thick)
Window glass frame: Stainless steel hairline finish
Window glass pole : Stainless steel hairline finish
Car Exterior

Side panel : Painted sheet steel

Upper & bottom panels : Painted sheet steel
Side illumination : Optical fiber with lens
(horizontally flickering)
Trim for side illumination: Stainless steel mirror finish
Upper & bottom Illumination : Fluorescent lamps with milky-
white acrylic

Car Interior

Ceiling : Painted steel, Acrylic lens lighting

Wall : Decorative sheet
Kick plate : Aluminum anodized
Floor :Vinyl tiles
Handrail : Stainless steel hairline finish
Window glass : Reinforced wired glass (6.8mm thick)
Window glass frame: Stainless steel hairline finish
Window glass pole : Stainless steel hairline finish
 USES OF LIFTS/ELEVATORS
•An elevator (or lift) is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves
people or goods between floors of a building.

• They are generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction
cables and counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a
cylindrical piston.

•Because of wheelchair access laws, elevators are often a legal

requirement in new multi-story buildings, especially where wheelchair
ramps would be impractical.

Passenger Lifts / Elevators Goods Lifts /Elevators

HISTORY OF ESCALATORS
 INVENTION – 9 MARCH 1859
 FUNCTION –A POWER DRIVEN SET
OF STAIRS ARRANGED LIKE AN
ENDLESS BELT THAT ASCEND OR
DESCEND CONTINUOUSLY.
 INVENTOR - NATHAN AMES
(AMERICA)

 THE ESCALATORS AS WE KNOW IT

WAS LATER REDESIGNED
BYCHARLES SEEBERGER IN 1897.
 HE CREATED THE NAME
“ESCALATORS” FROM THE WORD
“SCALA” WHICH IS LATIN FOR STEPS
AND THE WORD ELEVATOR WHICH
HAS ALREADY BEEN INVENTED.
 ESCALATORS: AT A
GLANCE
AN ESCALATOR IS A MOVING STAIRCASE IT IS A CONVEYOR
TRANSPORT DEVICE FOR CARRYING PEOPLE BETWEEN FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

THE DEVICE CONSISTS OF MOTOR AND LINKED STEP THAT MOVES UP

AND DOWN ON TRACKS ALLOWING THE STEP TREADS TO
HORIZONTAL.
ESCALATORS ARE USED AROUND THE WORLD TO MOVE THE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC IN PLACE WHERE ELEVATORS WOULD BE
IMPRACTICAL.
GENERALLY THESE ARE USED IN DEPARTMENTAL STORES, SHOPPING
MALLS,AIRPORTS,CONVENTION CENTERS AND IN HOTELS.
COMPONENTS OF ESCALATORS
 LANDING PLATFORM
 TRUSS
 TRACKS
 STEPS (MADE OF DIE CAST ALLUMINIUM)
 (EARLY ESCALATORS HAD WOODEN STEPS .
 OTIS CHANGED THE CLEAT TYPE METAL STEPS IN 1930s.)

 HANDRAIL
 (EARLY ESCALATORS HAD SOLID RUBBER HANDRAILS DRIVEN BY
METAL CHAINS .THE CHAINS TRAVELED IN A LUBRICATED STEEL
CHANNEL .
 OTIS REPLACED THIS DESIGN WITH A TENSION -DRIVEN RUBBER
AND CANVAS HANDRAIL THAT WAS GUIDED IN A SIMPLE
UNLUBRICATED CHANNEL.LATER OTIS REFINED THIS DESIGN BY
INTRODUCING PINCH -RESISTANT HANDRAILS TO PREVENT THE
POSSIBILITY OF PASSENGER’S FINGERS FROM GETTING CAUGHT.)
 THE BENEFITS OF ESCALATORS :
 THEY HAVE THE CAPACITY TO MOVE LARGE
NUMBER OF PEOPLE.
 THEY HAVE NO WAITING INTERVAL (EXCEPT
DURING VERY HEAVY TRAFFIC)
 THEY MAY BE WEATHERPROOF FOR OUTDOOR
USE.
 THEY CAN BE USED TO GUIDE PEOPLE
TOWARDS MAIN EXITS OR SPECIAL EXHIBITS.

 THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ESCALATORS :

 CLEAT TYPE
 STEP TYPE
 SPIRAL ESCALATORS
ESCALATORS HAVE THREE TYPICAL
CONFIGURATION OPTION :
-PARALLEL
-CRISS-CROSS
-MULTIPLE PARALLEL
 COMPONENTS OF ESCALATOR

Floor trap
safety device
Hand rail entry
box safety
device
Comb plate
safety device
Skirt panels with brush
guards
Emergency stop
button
Yellow demarcation
lines
Broken step chain
device
Missing step device
Broken step and
chain wheel control
contact
Motor thermal
protection
Traction
wheel
handrail
drive
Escalators are the moving staircases oprating at
constant speed mechanically between two levels.
Escalators are used around the world to move
pedestrian traffic in places where elevators
would be impractical.
Principal areas of usage include shopping centers,
airports, transit systems, trade centers, hotels,
and public buildings.
The benefits of escalators are many.
They have the capacity to move large numbers
of people, and they can be placed in the same
physical space as stairs would be. They have no
waiting interval, except during very heavy traffic;
they can be used to guide people towards main
exits or special exhibits; and they may be
weather-proofed for outdoor use.
Escalators and their cousins, moving walkways,
are powered by constant speed alternating
current motors and move at approximately 1-2
ft (0.3-0.6 m) per second.The maximum angle of
inclination of an escalator to the horizontal is 30
degrees with a standard rise up to about 60 ft
(18 m).
SPIRAL ESCALARATORS:

Spiral escalators are just one example of

how we're working to develop more
comfortable public environments for
humankind. The application of a pioneering
technology enables our escalators to follow
smooth curving paths to their destinations.

Spiral escalators forge a new relationship

between people and space. They are a sign of
progress toward more creative urban
environments in Japan, the United States, and
other parts of the world.

Spiral escalators widen passenger

perspective and add new contours to the
surrounding area and the flowing curves
offer new dimensions in space design.
Graceful arcs flowing through urban space.
WHY SPIRAL ESCALARATORS ARE
USED:
•Spiral escalators greatly increase the
amount of usable floor space.

•They are also ideal for places where

people gather and where control of
pedestrian traffic is important.

•Stacking spiral escalators above each other

in a multiple plan configuration creates a
spectacular atrium effect.

•The arrangement of a series of spiral

escalators in a continuously rising pattern
offers a unique panoramic view of the
building.

•It is an ideal solution for office buildings,

malls, hotels and galleries.

•The elegantly functional layout not only

enhances a building’s architecture, it also
guides visitors smoothly into the building.

•Enhances a building’s reputation and value.

 A spiral escalator includes a plurality of stairs
which are moved along a closed path of travel with
the stairs collectively defining generally upwardly
and downwardly moving spiral staircases bridged
by upper and lower generally horizontally moving
stair platforms. A generally vertical spindle is
associated with each upwardly and downwardly
moving spiral staircase.

Circular escalator which compensates the different

angle velocities of the inner and outer step edges in
the transition and landing zones of the escalator to
maintain the axis of each step exactly radial to the
path of travel so that dangerous gaps are not formed
between the steps.

The invention avoids such gaps by running driving

chains on the main track and connecting the inner
and outer edges of the steps to the chains via
rotatable connecting rods.

Each step is joined via a vertically rotatable

connecting rod to chain links of the driving chain .The
main track describes a different path to the step track
in the transition zone and in the landing zones.
A curved escalator in which the occurrence of an
unacceptably wide gap between the steps or
between the steps and the sidewalls is avoided by
virtue of the fact that all the step sections have
different arcs when viewed in the plan view but have
constant arcs in each of these zones.

The arcs in these zones are selected or calculated

such that, in every position in these zones, the
rotational speed of the inner and outer drive chains
is the same. The arc corresponding to the zone
which links the stair landing with the central zone is
such that the overall angle covered over this zone is
the same for the inner and the outer drive chain.
FEATURES OF SPIRAL ESCALARATOR:

Parts
The spiral escalators have approximately 6,000 parts
(excluding nuts, bolts, screws, washers, etc.). Whereas
linear escalators arrive on site in multiple pre-
constructed sections, spiral escalators require
significant on-site assembly and craftsmanship.
There are 78 steps per escalator.
Weight
114,828 pounds (52,085 kg)
Step shape
Trapezoidal
LAYOUT DATA:

Width between
moving handrails
1265mm
TRAVELATOR ( MOVING WALK)

SECTION

PLAN
STANDARD DIMENTIONS SECTION
PLAN OF TRAVELATOR

SECTION OF TRAVELATOR
 VIEW OF TRAVELATOR
TEXTURE