PREVENTION OF CANCER

What is cancer ?
How Normal Cells Act
 The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal
body cells grow, divide to make new cells, and die in
an orderly way. During the early years of a person’s
life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to
grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells
divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to
repair injuries.
How cancer arises
 Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, it is caused by
changes to genes that control the way our cells function,
especially how they grow and divide.
 Genetic changes that cause cancer can be inherited from
our parents. They can also arise during a person’s lifetime
as a result of errors that occur as cells divide or because
of damage to DNA caused by certain environmental
exposures. Cancer-causing environmental exposures
include substances, such as the chemicals in tobacco smoke,
and radiation, such as ultraviolet rays from the sun.
What causes cancer ?
 The great majority of cancers, some 90–95% of cases, are due to
environmental factors. The remaining 5–10% are due to inherited genetics.
Environmental, as used by cancer researchers, means any cause that is not
inherited genetically, such as
 lifestyle,
 economic and behavioral factors, and not merely pollution.[
 Common environmental factors that contribute to cancer death include
tobacco (25–30%),
diet and obesity (30–35%),
infections (15–20%)
radiation (both ionizing and non-ionizing, up to 10%), stress, lack of
physical activity, and environmental pollutants.[5]
Risk factors of cancer
According to World Health Organization (WHO),
common risk factors for cancer include:
 Tobacco use
 Alcohol use
 Overweight and obesity
 Dietary factors, including insufficient fruit and
vegetable intake
 Physical inactivity
 Chronic infections from helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B
virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and some types of
human papilloma virus (HPV)
Risk factors
Sign and symptoms
 Change in bowel or bladder habits
 Unusual bleeding or discharge
 Persistent headaches
 Unexplained loss of weight or loss of appetite
 Chronic pain in bones or any other areas of the body
 Persistent fatigue, nausea, or vomiting
 Persistent low-grade fever, either constant or
intermittent
 Repeated infection
Types of cancer
 Adrenal Cancer
 Anal Cancer
 Bone Cancer
 Brain/CNS Tumors In Adults
 Brain/CNS Tumors In Children
 Breast Cancer
 Breast Cancer In Men
 Cancer in Adolescents
 Cancer in Children
 Cancer in Young Adults
 Cancer of Unknown Primary
 Lung cancer
 Liver cancer
 Eye cancer etc.
Diagnosis
 There many types of test and examination for
diagnosis cancer. Some of them are:
 Diagnosis test
 Biopsy
 Endoscopy
 Blood test
 Breast test
 Tumor marker test
 Colonoscopy etc.
 Treatments
 Surgery
A procedure in which a doctor with special training, called a surgeon, removes cancer from
your body.
 Radiation Therapy
Uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
 Chemotherapy
Uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
 Immunotherapy
Helps your immune system fight cancer.
 Targeted Therapy
Targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow, divide, and spread.
 Hormone Therapy
Slows or stops the growth of cancer that uses hormones to grow.
 Stem Cell Transplant
Procedures that restore blood-forming stem cells in people who have had theirs destroyed by
high doses of cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Prevention
Prevention Measure
 Don't use tobacco
 Eat healthy diet
 Physically active
 Maintain weight balance
 Protect yourself from the sun
 Get immunized
 Avoid alcohol
 Get regular medical care
Prevention
Prevention
Avoid smoking
 This is all about the cancer
prevention. With this I complete our
presentation.